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LEARN

9.1 Active and Passive

Big fish eat small fish. Small fish are eaten by big fish.
Object Subject

SS
Subject + Verb (+ Object) Subject + Be + Past Participle*

Simple Present People take lots of pictures here. Lots of pictures are taken here.
Simple Past They saw a shark near the beach. A shark was seen near the beach.
Present Progressive | People aren't protecting the whales. The whales are not being protected.
Past Progressive They were washing the elephants. The elephants were being washed.

Present Perfect | haven't walked the dog. The dog hasn't been walked.

“See page A3 for a list of irregular vero forms.

1. In an active sentence, the subject Active: The fishermen caught ten bluefish.
performs the action of the verb. The See oy
subject is the agent or doer.

In a passive sentence, the subject Passive: Ten bluefish were caught by the fishermen.
receives the action of the verb. Subject Boe
nt
Sometimes by + the agent comes at
the end of the sentence to show who
or what is performing the action.

2. The passive occurs in different verb The animals are being fed.
tenses. It always includes a form of The research has not been completed.
be + the past participle form of the Seven new species of mushrooms were identified.
verb. The form of be shows the verb
tense.

3. Only transitive verbs (verbs that Transitive Verb: discover
take a direct object) can be used A new type of sea animal was discovered.
with the passive. Intransitive verbs
Int itive Verb: di
isappear
DITANSHIG wer
cannot be made passive. X Those birds are disappeared.

4.To make questions in the passive, The applications were completed.
put a form of the auxiliary be or Were the applications completed?
have before the subject. The animals have been trained.
Have the animals been trained?

4 Underline the verb in each sentence. Then write A if the sentence is active and P if the
sentence is passive.

PF 4. During the expedition, Sylvia Earle’s instructions were followed by the team.

_____ 2. Most of our oxygen on Earth is generated by the ocean.

_____ 3. The changes in the ocean ecosystem affect all of us.

____ 4. Nearly half of the world’s coral reefs have disappeared.

238 THE PASSIVE
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