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Adapted from the Programme to Improve Learning Outcomes (PILO)
Endnotes
1 Argyris, C. and Schon, D.A. (1996). Organizational Learning II: Theory Method and Practice.
Reading, MA.: Addison-Wesley.
2 Bryk, A.S. and Schneider, B. (2002). Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement. New
York: Russell Sage.
Short, P.M. and Greer, J.T. (1997). Leadership in Empowered Schools: Themes from Innovative
Efforts, New Jersey: Merrill.
3 Elmore, R. F. (2000, Winter). Building a New Structure of School Leadership, 1–40.
Washington, DC: Albert Shanker Institute.
4 Hallinger, P. and Heck, R. (1998). “Exploring the principal’s contribution to school
Effectiveness. 1980-1995,” School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9, pp. 157–191.
5 ibid
6 Hallinger, P. and Murphy, J.F. (1986). “Instructional Leadership in Effective Schools”
Elementary School Journal, 86(2), pp.217–247
Murphy, J.F. (1994). “Redefining the Principalship in Restructuring Schools” NASSP Bulletin,
78(560), pp. 94–99.
7 Portin, B., Schneider, P., DeArmond, M., and Gundlach, L. (2003) “Making Sense of Leading
Schools: A Study of the School Principalship” Center on Reinventing Public Education,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
8 Blasé, J. and Anderson, G. (1999). The Micropolitics of Educational Leadership: From Control
to Empowerment. Teacher Development Series, New York: Teachers College Press.
Blasé, J. and Blasé, J. (2002) “Teachers’ perceptions of principals’ instructional leadership and
implications.” Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1(3), 256–264.
Seashore Louis, K. (2003) “Leaders facing real change: shifting geography, uncertain paths.”
Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 371–382.
26 9 Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. and Diamond, J. (2004). “Towards a theory of leadership
practice: a distributed perspective.” Journal of Curriculum Studies, 36(1), 3–34.
10 Knight, B. (1993) “Delegated financial management and school effectiveness” in Dimmock, C.
(ed.), School-based Management and School Effectiveness. London: Routledge, pp. 114–141.
Bisschoff, T. and Kamil-Sayed, M. (1999). “The Changing Role of the Principal of a Public
Primary School: A Financial Management Perspective.” in South African Journal of Education.
Vol.19, No.4, pp. 36–48
Shifting Paradigms – Changing Practice
