Page 687 - Atlas of Creation Volume 3
P. 687
Harun Yahya
NOTES
1. Herbert Spencer, Social Status, 1850, pp. 414-415. 33. Isaac Asimov, The Golden Door: The United States from 1876 to
2. Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, Rev. 1918, Boston: Houston Mifflin Company, 1977, p. 94.
Ed., Boston: Beacon Press, 1955, p. 41. 34. Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, p. 412.
3. Mark Kingwell, "Competitive States of America, Microsoft 35. Stephen T. Asma, "The New Social Darwinism: Deserving
proves it: we're still wrestling with that treasured national ide- Your Destitution," The Humanist, 1993, 53(5):11, 10/3.
al," New York Times, June 25, 2000; http://www.spaceship- 36. Sahih al-Bukhari, Al-Adab Al-Mufrad; al-Hakim and al-
earth.org/Letters/Editor/Competitive_States_of_America.htm Baihaqi.
4. "Modern History Sourcebook: William Graham Sumner (1840- 37. Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz, Urbana, IL:
1910): "The Challenge of Facts;" http://www.fordham.edu/hal- University of Illinois Press, 1970, pp. 30, 32 ; Jerry Bergman,
sall/mod/1914sumner.html "Eugenics and Nazi Racial Policy," p. 118.
5. Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, New York: W.W. 38. Sidney M. Mintz, American Scientist, vol.60, May/June 1972,
Norton and Company, 1981, p. 72. p. 387.
6. Francis Darwin, The life and Letters of Charles Darwin, D. 39. John C. Burham, Science, vol.175, February 4, 1972, p. 506.
Appleton and Co., 1896, vol. 2, p. 294. 40. Edwin G. Conklin, The Direction of Human Evolution, New
7. "Darwin as Epicurean: An Interview with Benjamin Wiker," York, NY: Scribner's, 1921, p. 34.
http://www.touchstonemag.com/docs/issues/15.8docs/15- 41. "Evolution and Ethnicity;" http://www.ncl.ac.uk/lifelong-
8pg43.html learning/distrib/darwin/08.htm
8. Thomas R. Malthus, An Essay on the principle of population as it 42. George Gaylord Simpson, "The Biological Nature of Man,"
affects the future improvement of society, Reprint, London: Reeves Science, vol.152 (April 22, 1966), p. 475.
and Turner, (1798) 1878, p. 412. (emphasis added) 43. Henry Fairfield Osborn, "The Evolution of Human Races,"
9. Ibid., pp. 411, 430-431. (emphasis added) Natural History, January/February 1926; 2nd pub. Natural
10. Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, Boston: Beacon Press, History, vol. 89, April 1980, p. 129.
1957, p. 112. 44. James Ferguson, "The Laboratory of Racism," New Scientist,
11. Ibid. vol. 103, September 27, 1984, p. 18.
12. Sir Gavin de Beer, Charles Darwin, London : Thomas Nelson 45. Stephen Jay Gould, "Human Equality is a Contingent Fact of
& Sons, 1963. History," Natural History, vol.93, November 1984, p. 28.
13. C. Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural 46. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, 2nd ed., New York: A L.
Selection, London, 1859, 2nd edition 1964, Cambridge:Harvard Burt Co., 1874, p. 178.
University Press, p. 64. 47. Matt Ridley, Nature Via Nurture, Chapter One, "The Paragon
14. Ibid. of Animals."
15. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, p. 88. 48. Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, edited David
16. Ian Taylor, "Historical Sketch: Robert Thomas Malthus (1766- Amigoni, London: Wordsworth, 1997, p. 477.
1834);" http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v04n3p18.htm 49. "Evolution and Ethnicity;" http://www.ncl.ac.uk/lifelong-
17. Ian Taylor, In the Minds of Men, Toronto: TFE Publishing, 3rd. learning/distrib/darwin/08.htm
ed., 1991, p. 65. 50. Francis Darwin, The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol. I,
18. Jerry Bergman, "Darwin's Influence on Ruthless Laissez Faire 1888. New York:D. Appleton and Company, pp. 285-286.
Capitalism," March 2001; 51. Stephen Jay Gould, Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Cambridge,
http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-333.htm Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977 , p. 127.
19. Robert Hunter, Poverty, New York: Torchbooks, 1965. 52. Thomas Huxley, Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews, New
20. Jeanne Stellman, Susan Daum, Work is Dangerous to Your York, NY: Appleton, 1871, p. 20.
Health, New York: Random House Vintage Books, 1973. 53. Robert Lee Hotz, "Race has no Basis in Biology, Researchers
21. Otto Bettmann, The Good Old Days! They Were Terrible! New Say," Los Angeles Times, February 20, 1997.
York: Random House, 1974, p. 68. 54. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 70. 55. Natalie Angier, "Do Races Differ? Not Really, DNA Shows,"
23. Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States, New New York Times, August 22, 2000.
York: Harper Collins, 1999, p. 255. 56. Ibid.
24. Ibid. 57. Ibid.
25. Bettmann, The Good Old Days! They Were Terrible!, p. 71. 58. Tony Fitzpatrick, "Genetically Speaking, Race Doesn't Exist
26. Ibid. in Humans;" http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/1998-
27. Kenneth Hsu, The Great Dying; Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs 10/WUiS-GSRD-071098.php (emphasis added)
and the Theory of Evolution, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 59. Ibid.
Jovanovich, 1986, p. 10. 60. Sribala Subramanian, "The Story in Our Genes;" Time,
28. Joseph F. Wall, Andrew Carnegie, New York: Oxford January 16, 1995, p. 38.
University Press, 1970, p. 364. 61. Ibid.
29. Richard Milner, Encyclopedia of Evolution, 1990, p. 72. 62. Jim Knapp, Imperialism: The Struggle to Be Superior,
30. Wall, Andrew Carnegie, p. 389. http://www-
31. William Ghent, Our Benevolent Feudalism, New York: personal.umich.edu/~jimknapp/papers/Imperialism.html
Macmillan, 1902, p. 29. 63. Encyclopedia Britannica, 1946 edition, vol. 12, p. 122A.
32. Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought, p. 49. 64. Gertrude Himmelfarb, Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution,
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