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8. GRANULAR MEDIA FILTRATION
25,000
Dual Media Gravity Filters Dual Media Pressure Filters
20,000
Construction Cost (in US$1,000)
10,000
5,000
0
15,000
0
40,000 80,000 1,20,000 1,60,000 2,00,000 2,40,000 2,80,000 3,20,000 3,60,000 4,00,000
Desalination Plant Intake Flow Rate (m3/day)
FIGURE 8.9
Construction costs of dial-media gravity- and pressure filters.
For the example of pressure-driven filtration system (Table 8.5), which has a feed flow of 119,767 m3/day, the estimated construction cost of this system is US$ 5.6 million.
Similarly, for the example of two-stage gravity/pressure granular media filtration pretreat- ment system for RO plant with recovery of 43%, the construction cost of the first-stage filters that have feed flow of 127,907 MGD (33.8 MGD) is US$ 9.0 million, and the cost of the second- stage pressure filters (at feed flow of 120,930 m3/day) is US$ 5.7 million. As a result, the total filtration pretreatment cost for this plant is US$ 14.7 million. Comparison of the costs of these three examples, underlines an important fact, i.e., the construction cost of the pretreatment system for desalination plant of the same fresh water production capacity can vary in a wide range (in this case, between US$ 5.6 and US$ 14.7 million) depending on the saline source water quality.
References
AWWA, 2007. Manual of Water Supply Practices M46. Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration, second ed. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Beverly, R.P., 2005. Filter Troubleshooting and Design Handbook. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Kawamura, S., 2000. Integrated Design and Operation of Water Treatment Facilities, second ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Qasim, S.R., Motley, E., Zhu, G., 2000. Water Works EngineeringdPlanning, Design & Operation. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Voutchkov, N., 2014. Desalination Engineering: Operation and Maintenance. McGraw Hill, New York.
Wilf, M., Awerbuch, L., Bartels, C., Mickley, M., Pearce, G., Voutchkov, N., 2007. The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology: Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration and Hybrid Systems Process Design, Applications
and Economics. Balaban Publishers, Rehovot.