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CHAPTER
2
Membrane Foulants and Saline Water Pretreatment
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Particulate Foulants 13
2.2.1 Description 13
2.2.2 Measurement Parameters and
Methods 13
2.2.2.1 Turbidity 13
2.2.2.2 Silt Density Index (SDI) 14
2.2.2.3 Total Suspended Solids 16
2.2.2.4 Particle Distribution
Profile 17
2.2.3 Threshold Levels of Particulate
Foulants 17
2.3 Colloidal Foulants 18
2.3.1 Description 18
2.4 Mineral-Scaling Foulants 21
2.4.1 Description 21
2.4.2 Measurement Parameters and
Methods 22
2.4.3 Threshold Levels of Scaling
Foulants 22
2.5 Natural Organic Foulants 23
2.5.1 Description 23 2.5.2 Measurement Parameters and
Methods 25
2.5.2.1 Total Organic Carbon 25
2.5.2.2 UV254 Absorbance 27
2.5.3 Threshold Levels of Natural
Organic Foulants 27
2.6 Microbial Foulants 27
2.6.1 Description 27 2.6.2 The Membrane Biofouling
Process 28 2.6.3 Factors Impacting Biofouling
Potential of Saline Source
Waters 31
2.3.1.1 Iron and Manganese 2.3.1.2 Silica
2.3.1.3 Polymers
2.3.1.4 Hydrocarbons
18 19 19 19
2.3.2 Measurement Parameters and Methods 20
2.3.3 Threshold Levels of Colloidal
Foulants 20
OUTLINE
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809953-7.00002-4 11 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.