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INDEX
SWRO Membrane Elements
high pressure, 254, 256
high productivity, 254e256 high rejection, 254e255 internally staged, 256e257, 257f standard rejection, 254e255
SWRO Systems
conventional full two-pass, 258f, 260 single-pass, 258e259, 258f, 261e262 split-partial two pass, 259f, 260e261 three-center/four stage
two-pass, 259e262
two-stage, 262e264
Settling, 47, 115, 122, 138, 143, 145e146, 170te171t
Shuwaikh SWRO Plant, 189t, 190
Silica, 19e20, 20t, 47t, 77, 123e124, 127, 154, 159t,
179, 181e183
Silt, 1e2, 12e13, 17, 19, 66, 75, 84, 88e89, 95e96,
102, 108, 114e116, 138e140, 154e155, 157, 159, 161, 168e169, 170te171t, 174e176, 181, 192, 204e205, 222, 227, 241, 253
Silt Density Index (SDI),, 14e16, 18t, 78, 172 Siltation, 170te171t, 175e176
Sludge
layer, 145, 145f
Sodium bisulfite (SBS), 114, 132, 133t, 193, 197,
274e275
Sodium metabisulfite (SMBS), 132
Sodium Hydroxide, 128e129, 133t, 169e170, 193,
226, 259e260
Sodium Hypochlorite, 64, 114, 129e130, 133t, 193,
197 Source water
characterization, 13e14, 17, 37, 39, 89e90, 133 conditioning, 18e19, 32, 37, 87, 114e115, 126, 132e135, 176, 179, 181, 197, 226e227
intakes, 79, 98e99, 156, 161e162, 175, 179, 181, 183, 222e225, 240t, 242t
pretreatment, 76, 86, 88, 139e140, 154, 176, 199, 223, 225e227, 229e230, 233
type and quality, 1e3, 17, 18t, 20t, 21, 27t, 32, 36e37, 38t, 48, 76e81, 84, 88e90, 107e109, 115e116, 124, 142e143, 146e147, 149, 161,
163, 165e167, 171e172, 179, 181, 186, 190, 200e202, 205, 217, 222e224, 233, 240e245, 240t, 242te244t, 246t, 247, 264, 266, 270e272,
275
Southern Seawater Desalination Project (Perth II),
189t, 211
Spent filter backwash water, 157, 201, 225, 225t, 234,
247e248
Spent membrane cleaning chemicals, 225t
Standard Membrane Performance Test, 51, 56 Stiff-Davis Saturation Index (SDSI), 22 Storage
tank, 19, 32, 47, 125e126, 133e134, 173, 197e198, 250
volume, 134
Strainers, 12, 67, 103, 138, 139f, 140
Subsurface intake, 12, 18, 36, 66e83, 91, 96, 161,
179e181, 189t, 201, 224, 240e241, 240t, 248,
253
Suction header, 207
Sur SWRO Plant, 69
Surface loading rate, 73, 141e143, 143t, 145e146, 148,
150, 151t, 155, 160e161, 163, 167, 180t, 182t,
184te185t, 224 SWRO Plant
Ashkelon, 26, 270, 271f, 271t
Barcelona, 150
Beckton, 101, 102f
Carlsbad, 25, 33e34, 79e81, 84, 163, 164f, 270 Huntington Beach, 79, 81
Fujairah, 264e265, 267f
Perth, 211
Perth II, 107, 228
Southern (SSDP), 189, 189t, 211
Shuwaikh, 189t, 190
Subsurface Intakes, 66e67, 75, 77e79, 81, 91, 161,
201, 241 Sur, Oman, 69
T
Tampa Bay Water Desalination Plant, 91, 100, 261 Temperature, 2e4, 21e22, 21t, 25, 28, 31, 34, 56, 58,
80e81, 92t, 114e116, 118e119, 122e124, 126e127, 133, 155, 159e160, 200e202, 206, 206t, 216e217, 222, 250, 253, 258e261, 262te266t, 271e272, 271t
Temperature Correction Factor (TFC), 206t, 216e217
Test
cell, 51, 58e61, 60f, 60t
bubble, 51, 54e55, 55f, 56t, 194
dye, 51, 58, 59f
EDaX, 51, 61, 62f
FTIR, 51, 62, 63f
Fujiwara, 51, 63f, 64
SEM, 51, 61, 61f
STANDARD membrane performance, 51, 56,
60f
mechanical integrity, 54e55 membrane cleaning, 51, 56e57 vacuum, 51, 55, 56t, 61
weight loss on ignition, 62