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CHAPTER
3
Diagnostics of Membrane Fouling and Scaling
3.1 Purpose of Membrane Fouling and Scaling Diagnostics 43
3.2 Typical Membrane-Fouling
Phenomena 44
3.3 Typical Diagnostics Procedures 46
3.3.1 Visual Inspection, Performance Data Review, and Vessel
Permeate Sampling 47
3.3.2 Vessel Profiling and Probing 48
3.4 Membrane Autopsy 51
3.4.1 External Visual
Inspection 52
3.4.2 Weight Measurement 53
3.4.3 Mechanical Integrity Tests 54
3.4.3.1 Bubble Test 54
3.4.3.2 Vacuum Test 55
3.4.4 Standard Membrane
Performance Test 56
3.4.5 Membrane Cleaning Test 56 3.4.6 Internal Inspection and Testing 57 3.4.7 Dye Test 58 3.4.8 Cell Test 58 3.4.9 SEM 61
3.4.10 EDaX 61 3.4.11 Fourier Transform Infrared
(FTIR) Spectroscopy 62 3.4.12 Weight Loss on Ignition Test 62 3.4.13 Fujiwara Test 64
References
64
OUTLINE
3.1 PURPOSE OF MEMBRANE FOULING AND SCALING DIAGNOSTICS
Membrane fouling and scaling diagnostics aim to identify reasons for abnormal perfor- mance of RO membranes. The main performance goals of RO desalination systems are to
Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809953-7.00003-6 43 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
