Page 18 - 《地理脉冲》

SUMMER SOCIAL PRACTICE SUMMER SOCIAL PRACTICE

暑期社会实践 conducted informal interviews in five villages. 暑期社会实践
中国西北地区农民对冰川的感知 The villages were selected according to 谈。根据沿江的位置选出村庄，上游，中

Extending across the 黑河流域覆盖内蒙古，青海，甘肃等 their location along the river, with upstream, 游和下游村庄都有代表。个别村民被选中
provinces of Inner Mongolia, 省份，是中国第二大内河流域。13 万平方 midstream and downstream villages all 接受采访，以便在社会经济，教育和职业
Qinghai, and Gansu, the Heihe 公里的核心流域面积，流域人口达 121 万 represented. Individual villagers were selected 价值观中提供不同的样本。小组询问开放
River Basin is the second largest 人，而其中大约 74 万人实践农耕或畜牧 to be interviewed so as to provide a diverse 式问题，并分发了多项选择调查卷。研究
inland river basin in China. 业。近年来，由于冰川退缩和地下水枯竭， sample size across socio-economic, educational, 人员对居民对冰川变化的印象进行了调
With a core drainage area of 用水需求迅速增加，而水资源利用率则有 and occupational values. The team asked 查，并利用中国气候资料共享服务网络的
130,000 km², it is home to 121 所下降。作为打击这一迫在眉睫的危机的 open-ended questions and also distributed 数据，评估居民的看法是否准确。
million people, and roughly 初步步骤，中国研究人员团队开始评估当 a multiple-choice survey. The researchers
740 thousand of them practice 地农民和牧民是否意识到冰川变化，如果 surveyed residents about their impressions of
farming or animal husbandry. In 是这样，他们对国家和地方的反应策略的 glacier change and used data from the China
recent years, water demand has 态度如何。上个月在 “ 理论与应用气候学 ” Meteorological Data Sharing Service Network
rapidly increased, while water 上发表的结果，对中国农村地区的知识和 to assess if residents’ perceptions were accurate.
availability has decreased due to 国家媒体的交叉进行了有趣的研究。 The glacial data itself paints an unsettling 冰川数据本身表现出令人不安的画
glacier retreat and groundwater picture: from 1970 to 2012, the total glacier 面：从 1970 年到 2012 年，中国西北部的
depletion. As a preliminary step area in China’s northwest shrank by 10 to 14 冰川总面积减少了 10％至 14％。当加上
to combat this looming crisis, percent. This, when coupled with population 人口增长和人均耕地减少的情况，对干旱
Farmers and Glaciers in Northwest China
a team of Chinese researchers growth and reductions in cultivable land per 地区的农业密集地区，如甘肃省几乎全部
set out to assess whether local capita, does not bode well for agriculture 人口处于的河西走廊而言，并不乐观 。
—— 以黑河流域为例
farmers and herders were aware intensive areas in arid regions, such as the 生活在这个脆弱的生态系统中的农民面临
of glacial change and, if so, what Hexi Corridor, which feeds nearly the entire 着年度干旱，几年来可能对农作物产量和
their attitudes were toward state population of Gansu Province. The farmers 动物丰度造成重大损失。主要来自祁连山
and local response strategies. living in this fragile ecosystem are faced 多永久冻层活动层的变化，占维持生命之
The results, published last month with annual droughts that in some years can 河总流量的 15％的融水受到威胁。
in Theoretical and Applied exact a heavy toll on crop yields and animal
Climatology, offer an intriguing abundance. Stemming primarily from changes
look at the way local knowledge to the permafrost active layer of the Qilian
and state media intersect in rural Mountains, the meltwater that accounts for 15
China. percent of total runoff of this life-sustaining
Guofeng Zhu, a professor 朱国锋，西北师范大学地理与环境科 river is in jeopardy.
of geography and environmental science 学学院副教授，该论文的第一作者，与 In an interview with GlacierHub, Dahe 在接受 GlacierHub 采访时，中国科学
at Northwest Normal University and the GlacierHub 谈话中谈到这项研究的该地区 Qin, a glaciologist at the Chinese Academy 院冰川学家秦大河和作者，强调，黑河流
paper’s lead author, spoke with GlacierHub in 农民的利害关系。“ 近年来随着人口增长 of Sciences and an author of the paper, 域的这一故事在全地区发生变化。“ 黑河
Mandarin about the stakes of this research for 和气候变化趋势，黑河流域生态系统的压 emphasized that the story of the Heihe River 的情况与河西走廊其他河流的情况一样。
farmers in the region. “Alongside population 力日益严重。用于农业灌溉的 70％以上的 Basin resounds throughout the region. “The 他说，全球变暖以及冰川和冰冻圈的退化
growth and climate change in recent years, the 水来自河流。朱国锋说，农民是否能有效 situation of Heihe is the same as that of the 对绿洲地区产生深远的影响，影响到数
pressures on the Heihe River Basin’s ecological 适应这个问题，对该地区的可持续发展至 other river basins of the Hexi Corridor. Global 百万人的生计。”
system have become increasingly severe. Over 关重要。 warming, as well as degradation to glaciers and
70 percent of the water used for agricultural the cryosphere, is having a profound impact on
irrigation comes from the river. The question the oasis regions, impacting the livelihoods of
of whether farmers can efficiently adapt is of millions,” he said.
grave importance to sustainable development in The farmers and herders interviewed 受访农民似乎对这种情况有了深刻的
the region,” Zhu said. seem to be acutely aware of the situation. 认识。82.1％的受访者表示冰川撤退是事
To carry out the study, the researchers 研究人员在五个村庄进行了非正式访 Of respondents, 82.1 percent indicated that 实。毫不奇怪的是，在冰川附近居住的上
glacier retreat was a fact. Unsurprisingly, 游人员最为认识到这一点，他们首先观察
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