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186 HBR Leader’s Handbook

            about his leadership identity and to take the gut-wrenching risk of letting
            go of centralized control so his frontline operatives could strike back faster.
               Memories of defeats and bad decisions always loom large in a lead-
           er’s mind. But the most successful leaders learn profoundly from those,
           build personal capacity to recover, and then reach higher the next time. As
           one experienced executive we know reflected, “If you want to be a CEO, you
           have to endure at least a few really bad days every month. And then learn
           from  them.  If  you  can’t  handle  that,  take  your  ambitions  down  a few
           notches.” As you strive for higher levels of leadership, keep reflecting on the
           character you are building through the toughest tumbles of your everyday
           work. Understand your willingness and ability to rise to the challenges you
           are setting for yourself.


           Your personal style and habits
           Are you a take-charge kind of leader? Or are you more reserved and col-
           laborative in getting things  done? Are  you a people person who readily
           picks up on others’ feelings and emotions, or are you more analytical, using
           concepts to build relationships? How about your mode of working? Are
           you supremely organized in all that you do or more situation-dependent in
           planning and structure?
               The answers to these and similar questions will define your style and
           habits as a leader. If your character represents your inner drive and values,
           style and habits are the outward signals you send to others. They shape
           how other people see and work with you; thus, they too are things you must
           understand about yourself. We see a lot of leadership books, blogs, and
           seminars focusing on the right ways for a leader to act. But we believe that
           there’s too much human variation in the world to define any simple menu
           for excellence. Different, very successful leaders often have very different
           external styles and habits (compare, for example, Winston Churchill and
           Mahatma Gandhi).
               Instead of prescribing a must-have list, we would encourage you to
           discover your own list by reflecting on what’s made you successful thus far.
           If you’re reading this book, you already have some level of accomplishment
           (and we also know you are looking for more). As you look ahead, consider
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