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Shaifatulna’im Shamsuddin / JOJAPS – JOURNAL ONLINE JARINGAN COT POLIPD
into account. Value for actual power are directly rely on the wind power density as it simply a net value of energy after
considering the possible losses. Hence, January, February and September are still the month with highest energy output.
Note that, overall differences between Power Law and Log Law are ranging between 3% - 5% as the calculations are
rounding to 2 decimal points. Though a 5% differs is small, it will be slightly affecting the projection of harvested power,
thus involving the cost effective considerations.

4. Conclusions

Kudat station, which located at the most northern tip of Sabah, and standing 3.5m above the sea level is not the highest
land Borneo. But, among other station, the highest wind speed pass through it. Though Kudat station recorded the highest
available wind speed, it was not consistent throughout the year as it maximum speed only avails during monsoon season
only. Kudat experienced Northeast Monsoon which usually begins in in October and ends in February. This explained the
-1
-1
maximum wind speed recorded on January and February at 4.2ms and 4.0ms respectively. Next, Kudat received South
-1
-1
West Monsoon from March to September, thus a speed at 3.0ms and 3.2ms recorded at August and September.
This harvested wind power are rely on the 3 crucial factors; volume, velocity and density. Amount of air as well as the
air speed will reflect the most as the swept area of turbine are kept constant. While mass of air and air density varies in
direct proportion to air pressure. The study focused on the use of scientific findings and predefined coefficients for
calculating the wind speed at different height level. Moreover, these findings must be pondered carefully because as
demonstrates by the results, these coefficients are heavily dependent on the relevant land features. Since the wind speed
undergoes repeated changes and the roughness and friction coefficients also change in line with the landscape features, the
time of the day, the temperature, height, wind direction, etc. it follows that the reading results should be pondered
carefully.

The calculated power at elevated height did not promising same output in real applications. Though the calculations
already consider the maximum efficiency limit for turbine, the real world limit is well below the Betz Limit. Their values
are between 0.35 and 0.45. This is because in real life, we need to take into account another factors in transmitting the
mechanical power into electrical power such as gearbox, bearing, generator etc. Wind speed obtained using Power Law
and Log Law showing a certain pattern at elevated height. It is noticeable that value of wind speed from Log Law is larger
than Power Law method. Even though the formula for both methods is resulting slight differences, but yet it still
proportionate to the height.

These formulas are used as initial estimates of the wind potential at the elevated altitudes. Such estimations from
formula will lead us to query the precision and consistency of both methods. Hence, in real life, there is no better substitute
to actual site measurements. Classifications of wind speed are based on wind speed frequency distributions and air density.
These classes ranged from Class 1 (the lowest) to Class 7 (the highest). In general, at a 50-m height, wind power Class 4 or
higher could have been useful for generating wind power with turbines in the 250-kW to 750-kW rating. Given the
advances in technology, resources below Class 4 may now be suitable for the new midsize or small size wind turbines.
Thus, with further studies, there should a little hope for Kudat to extract its wind energy potential and make use of it by
integrating both wind and solar power.

It should be noted that information provided on this studies describes general wind power distribution and can be used
as initial guidance in selecting regions for wind power projects. Additional information, such as design and specification of
wind turbine, should be taken into account when executing wind energy applications. This sort of studies and analytical
work are the initial steps prior to mounting the masts and towers fitted with either precision measuring instruments or wind
generators. Indeed an analysis of this kind would help to save money and time that otherwise will be a waste in the absence
of the appropriate methodology.

References

Abbas, R., M. F. Kamarudin, A. B. A. Nurdin, and M. A. Simeh. (2011). “A Study on The Malaysian Biomass Sector- Supply
and Perception of Palm Oil Millers.” Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal 11(1): 28-41.
Azhar Abdul Aziz, (Feb 2011) Feasibility Study on Development of A Wind Turbine Energy Generation System for
Community requirements of Pulau Banggi Sabah,Azhar Abd Azizi, Faculty of mech Eng, UTM,.
Baharuddin Ali, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Chan Hoy Yen, Sohif Mat & Azami Zaharim. (2008). “Key success factors in
implementing renewable energy programme”. 4th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy, Environment,
Ecosystems and Sustainable Development (EEESD'08). June 11-13, 2008. Algarve, Portugal.
Bernama, “Hydropower to propel Sarawak to become regional power house”, 17 April, 2008.

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