Page 13 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

The German Monarchy 261 The States of Italy 261
The Decline of the Church 262
Boniface VIII and the Conflict with the State 262 The Papacy at Avignon (1305–1378) 263
The Great Schism 264
The Conciliar Movement 265
Culture and Society in an Age of Adversity 265
The Development of Vernacular Literature 266 A New Art: Giotto 267
Changes in Urban Life 267
Inventions and New Patterns 268
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
ENTERTAINMENT IN THE MIDDLE AGES 269
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 270
12 Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the
Renaissance 273
Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance 274
The Making of Renaissance Society 276
Economic Recovery 276
Social Changes in the Renaissance 277 The Family in Renaissance Italy 278
The Italian States in the Renaissance 279
The Birth of Modern Diplomacy 280 Machiavelli and the New Statecraft 280
The Intellectual Renaissance in Italy 281
Italian Renaissance Humanism 281
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
THE RENAISSANCE PRINCE: THE VIEWS OF MACHIAVELLI AND ERASMUS 282
Education in the Renaissance 284 The Impact of Printing 286
The Artistic Renaissance 286
Art in the Early Renaissance 287
The Artistic High Renaissance 287
The Artist and Social Status 290
The Northern Artistic Renaissance 290
The European State in the Renaissance 292
The Renaissance State in Western Europe 292 Central Europe: The Holy Roman Empire 294 The Struggle for Strong Monarchy in Eastern
Europe 295
The Ottoman Turks and the End of the Byzantine
Empire 295
The Church in the Renaissance 296
Dealing with Heresy and Reform 296
The Renaissance Papacy 297
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 298
13 Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth
Century 301
Prelude to Reformation 302
Christian or Northern Renaissance Humanism 302 Church and Religion on the Eve of the
Reformation 303
Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany 304
The Early Luther 304
The Rise of Lutheranism 305
Organizing the Church 307
Germany and the Reformation: Religion and
Politics 308
The Spread of the Protestant Reformation 310
The Zwinglian Reformation 310
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
A REFORMATION DEBATE: CONFLICT AT MARBURG 311
The Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists 312 The Reformation in England 312
John Calvin and the Development of
Calvinism 313
The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation 314
The Family 314
Religious Practices and Popular Culture 315
The Catholic Reformation 315
Catholic Reformation or Counter-Reformation? 315 The Society of Jesus 317
A Revived Papacy 317
The Council of Trent 319
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century 319
The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) 320 Philip II and Militant Catholicism 320
Revolt of the Netherlands 320
The England of Elizabeth 321
FILM & HISTORY
ELIZABETH (1998) 323
Chapter Summary, Timeline, and Review 324
Detailed Contents xi
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