Page 86 - Western Civilization A Brief History, Volume I To 1715 9th - Jackson J. Spielvogel

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The Civilization of the Greeks
A bust of Pericles
CHAPTER OUTLINE
AND FOCUS QUESTIONS
Early Greece
Q How did the geography of Greece affect Greek history?
The Greeks in a Dark Age
(ca. 1100–ca. 750 B.C.E.)
Q Who was Homer, and why was his work used as
the basis for Greek education?
The World of the Greek City-States
(ca. 750–ca. 500 B.C.E.)
Q What were the chief features of the polis, or city-
state, and how did the major city-states of Athens and Sparta differ?
The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece
Q What did the Greeks mean by democracy, and in
what ways was the Athenian political system a democracy? What effect did the two great conflicts of the fifth century B.C.E.—the Persian wars and the Peloponnesian War—have on Greek civilization?
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The Culture and Society of Classical Greece
Q Upon what ideals was classical Greek art based, and how were these ideals expressed? What questions did the Greek philosophers pose, and what answers did they suggest?
CRITICAL THINKING
Q Why are the Greeks considered the cornerstone of the Western intellectual tradition?
CONNECTIONS TO TODAY
Q What are the similarities and differences between ancient Athenian democracy and modern U.S. democracy?
IN 431 B.C.E., WAR ERUPTED as two dramatically different Greek city-states—Athens and Sparta— fought for domination of the Greek world. The people of Athens felt secure behind their walls and in the first winter of the war held a public funeral to honor those who had died in battle. On the day of the ceremony, the citizens of Athens joined in a procession, with the relatives of the dead wailing
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Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican State//Scala/Art Resource, NY Getty Images