Page 19 - 01 Cotton SA May 2013

Navorsing/Research

<< p17
enemies often keep pests below densities that cause unacceptable By: L.N. Malinga, ARC-Institute for Industrial Crops, Tel: (+27) 014 536
cotton losses. The Bt gene enables cotton plants to produce proteins 3150, Fax: (+27) 014 536 3113, E-mail: LawrenceM@arc.agric.za.
toxic to caterpillars. Cells of leaves, stems, squares, flowers and bolls of
these genetically engineered cotton plants contain lethal doses of the refereNceS
toxin. When the insects eat the Cry-proteins, they bind to receptors Bohmfalk G. T., R. E. Frisbie, W. L. Sterling, R. B. Metzer and A. E. Knutson. 2011.
on the insect gut and insect stops feeding within a few hours and dies Identifi cation, biology and sampling of cotton insects. Cooperative Extension
within 2 or 3 days if the dose is sufficiently high. Varieties with this Bt Work in Agriculture and Home Economics US Department of Agriculture. Texas
technology have provided excellent control of bollworms. AgriLife Extension Service. The Texas A&M University System.
Greene J. K., F. Reay-Jones, R. G. Bellinger and T. Walker. 2008. Cotton Insect
Thresholds for bollworm in Bt cotton were developed in response to
observations that many problems with bollworm occurred in fields Management. Clemson University Cooperating with U.S. Department of
Agriculture, South Carolina Counties, Extension Service, Clemson, South
of Bt cotton where there had been moderate to high levels of eggs. Carolina.
Adherence to refuge standards will minimize selection pressure for Wilson L., G. Herron, T. Smith and Simone Heimona. 2008. On Farm Series: How
bollworm to develop resistance to Bt toxins. Cotton growers in South To. Strategies to manage aphids in cotton. CSIRO Plant Industry, Department of
Africa are required to always plant non-Bt cotton as a refuge. Primary Industries. Cotton CRC.

<< p11

have settled in. Pushing the limits in the morning is less of a risk as buck area is free of weeds, stones, waste or pills. As mentioned
the cotton is drying. previously, any foreign material where modules are built on is easily
• Tarping practices: wear and tear on tarps is most likely to allow transported to the sign
rain moisture into the module through holes and the like. Ensure • Machine failures: it is common for pickers, boll buggies and presses
that moist modules (those exposed to rain) are allowed to dry by to break down at some stage during the season. On site repair of
removing the tarp and refitting it. these machines can lead to contamination of the module, e.g.
• Contamination: SA produced cotton has a very clean, contamination module builder hydraulic oil if a strict clean up policy is not followed.
free image and it is paramount for growers’ interests that it stays that • Grower Involvement: There should be as much co-operation
way. Contamination in modules can lead to downgraded cotton and between the grower and the ginner as possible. The aim of the
associated merchant discounts and gin machinery damage and fires. gin is to allow the grower to achieve the best quality cotton and
It can result from: therefore the highest possible price. Growers input in the ginning
• Carelessness and poor housekeeping: it is important that every one operation are essential. In the simplest form it can be notification
in the picking crew fully understand the ground rules and standards of problem modules. However it can also include getting the ginner
which are required. For example, correct disposal of items such as to configure the gin to get the desired results for your cotton, for
drink cans and plastic food wrappers is essential. example the number of lint cleaners, heat and moisture levels.
• Poor sitting of module builders: ensure that the tail drain or rota- Source: Facts on Friday

the Cotton MarKs wHere to oBtaiN laBelS BeariNg tHe cottoN marK
The following local label manufacturers are the only licensed vendors
he Cotton Mark is a registered trademark launched by authorised to manufacture labels bearing the cotton marks:
South Afri can cotton producers as a quality mark for Julius Solomon Cape Town 021 511 3135
T cotton merchan dise. Since 1985, the use of the Cotton International Trimmings Cape Town, Johannesburg
Mark was granted to most of the important players in the Durban 021 590 1100
cotton pipeline and the mark has become a true standard PMC Sewing Systems Pinetown Johannesburg 031 700 4275
against which all cotton produce is measured.
Cotton contacts • Katoenkontakte

Cotton SA Trust 012-804 1462 Corporation 086 069 3888 SACTMA 011-615 4007 Vaalharts Pluismeule 053-474 0115
SAKPO 012-804 1462 Cargill Cotton 011-799 2000 SATIEC 021-577 4200 Noord-Kaap Pluismeule 082 948 2569
NAMC 012-341 1115 Kleinboer Opleiding (Katoen SA) TEXFED 011-615 4007 Loskop Pluismeule 013-261 1498
Lever Ponds Pty Ltd 011-802 5770 012-804 1462 Weipe Pluismeule 015-533 3021 GWK Pluismeule 053-581 0037
Monsanto 011-790 8200 ARC-IIC 014-536 3150 Cotton/Katoen SA 012-804 1462/67
Industrial Development SACGA 012-804 1462
Katoen sa Cotton 19 Jan - Mei/May 2013