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How do you describe sets?
LEARNING
STANDARDS
Sets can be written by using description, listing Describe sets using:
and set builder notation. (i) description,
(ii) listing, and
For example, we can write the colours of (iii) set builder notation.
Jalur Gemilang in set A as follows.

Set A
Description Listing Set builder notation

A is the set of • Set A can be represented by using • Set A can also be
colours of Jalur set notation, { }. represented by using set
Gemilang. • A = { red, white, blue, yellow} builder notation.
• A = {x : x is a colour of
Each element in the set Jalur Gemilang}
is separated by a comma.
• Each object in the set is known as
an element.

1

Describe each of the following sets by using description, listing and set builder notation.
(a) Letters in the word ‘MALAYSIA’
(b) Odd numbers which are less than 20
CHAPTER
(a) Let the set be represented by P.
Description: P is the set of letters in the word ‘MALAYSIA’. 11

The same elements
Listing: P = {M, A, L, Y, S, I}
need not be repeated.
Set builder notation: P = {x : x is a letter in the word ‘MALAYSIA’}

(b) Let the set be represented by Q.
Description: Q is the set of odd numbers which are less than 20.
Listing: Q = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
Set builder notation: Q = {x : x is an odd number and x , 20}

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Introduction of Set