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02207020/CAPE/SPEC/KMS 2017
BIOLOGY
UNIT 1 – PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3 cont’d

Vaccine

1. A preparation containing antigenic material and used to increase
immunity.
2. A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and
provide immunity against one or several diseases.
3. A preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated
organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered
to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular
disease.

Any one = 1 mark

Examples

Polio, measles, mumps, rubella, Tuberculosis, Small Pox, influenza,
chicken pox, shingles, tetanus

Any two correct examples, including any not listed = 2 marks

Successes

1. Vaccines are among the most effective means of preventing disease,
disability and death in infants, children, adolescents and adults.
2. Diseases can be eliminated locally without global eradication of
the causative microorganism. E.g. measles which had been
eliminated in 4 of 6 WHO regions
3. Caribbean territories have made great strides in reducing and
eliminating morbidity and mortality caused by Vaccine Preventable
Diseases.
4. Has led to the eradication of smallpox
5. Some vaccines are highly effective and give lifetime protection
6. There is an excellent safety record with vaccines. Less
reactogenic vaccines have been developed.
7. Vaccination programmes are cheaper than providing therapeutic
drugs. This, along with reduced morbidity and mortality,
translates into long-term savings and possible economic growth.
8. Reduces the need for antibiotics, thus helps to prevent the
development of antibiotic resistance.
9. “Herd protection” of the unvaccinated occurs when a sufficient
proportion of the group is immune.
10. Unless an environmental reservoir exists, an eradicated pathogen
cannot re-emerge, unless inadvertently or purposely reintroduced
by humans