Page 225 - SUBSEC October 2017_Neat

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02207020/CAPE/SPEC/KMS 2017
BIOLOGY
UNIT 1 – PAPER 02
KEY AND MARK SCHEME

Question 3 cont’d

11. Protection against related diseases. Vaccines will also protect
against diseases related to the targeted disease. For example,
measles vaccination protects against multiple complications such
as dysentery and bacterial pneumonia.
12. Cancer prevention. Reduction of the incidence of cervical cancer
is expected with the use of HPV vaccines.
13. Safer travel and mobility between territories

Any 4 points = 4 marks

Challenges

1. Eradication requires high levels of population immunity in all
regions of the world over a prolonged period with adequate
surveillance in place.
2. Some individuals do not respond well or do not respond at all to
vaccinations. i.e. the vaccine is ineffective in them.
3. There are no vaccines to the common cold due to antigenic variation
(multiple strains).
4. The influenza virus mutates regularly to give different antigens.
Therefore, there have to be constant changes to the vaccine.
5. Anti-vaccination campaigns. Usually associated with the
perception that the MMR vaccine causes autism.
6. Fear of needles
7. The costs associated with setting up vaccination programmes.
8. Difficulty in reaching remote areas
9. Lack of proper surveillance to accompany the vaccination efforts.
10. Globalization and increased travel

Any 4 points = 4 marks [12]

Total 30 marks