Page 265 - The Art & Architecture of the Ancient Orient_Neat

NOTES
and establishes that it was built in the latter part of
the Protolitcratc Period. 25. The peculiar excellence of the composition r. „
best elucidated by H. A. Grocncwcgcu-Frankfort F
p. 6 14. It measures seventy-four by fifty feet.
Arrest and Movement, 150-2, whom I foil ow.
15. Achtcr vorl Bcricht ... Abb. Preuss. Akad.
(1936), Phil.-Hist. KX, no. 13, plate 41. 26. Such vases have actually been found in the ex­
cavations at Khafaje. Dclougaz and Lloyd, Presar-
16. The word means simply ‘to be high’
or gomd Temples (Chicago, 1942), 18, 29.
pointed , and was the Mesopotamian name for the
temple tower. 27. A. Falkcnstcin and Th. Jacobsen have recog­
nized that the man holds a writing sign which
17. Zeitschriftfur Assyriologie, NF, vi (1931), 1 ff;
marks him as the ruler of Warka.
Syria (1940), 161, n. 2.
28. .Ernst Heinrich, Schilf tmd Lchm, and the P 11
iS. Seton Lloyd and Fuad Safar, ‘Tell Uqair’, in drawings of Edward Bawden in Horizon,
Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 11 (1943), 132-5S; 41, May 1943. vir, no.
plates i-xxxi.
29. On seals where the feeding of the temple herd
P- 7 the third millennium b.c. is known to us. The is depicted the food consists sometimes of cars of
19. It so happens that no Ziggurat belonging to
1 Early Dynastic shrines stand 011 plinths or plat­ Babylonian Collection of Yale University; see H.
barley and sometimes of rosettes.
30. This is clearly shown in two figures in thc
forms. Sir Leonard Woolley surmises that an Early
Dynastic Ziggurat existed at Ur, but there is no
Frankfort, The Birth of Civilization in the Near East
evidence that this was so [Heinrich Lenzen, Die
Entwicklung der Zikurrat (Leipzig, 1941), 40 ff; 45]. (London> T95i), plate x, figures 17 and iS.
The Early Dynastic seals showing the building of a 31. This head may have belonged to a cult-
high temple (Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, 76), may statue, although in later times Mesopotamian gods
represent platforms as well as Ziggurats, since the wcrc not given animal shape. But it has been
proportions suit the engravers’ convenience. From suggested that the ewe stood for the mother of
the Third Dynasty of Ur onward Ziggurats occur Tammuz (Thorkild Jacobsen, in Journal of Near
regularly. Eastern Studies, xii (1953), 165); moreover the
20. One temple, temple C (Siebenter vorl. Bericht cow of Plate 26b fitted thc base on thc altar of
... Abb. Preuss. Akad. (1935), Phil.-Hist. Kl„ no. tlie tcmPle bl wIlich ic was found and may tllus
4, plate 2), is well enough preserved to show represent its deity, thc goddess Nmtu. A great
that it consists of a combination of two parts, each varicty ofheads of shc,cP and rams which served as
laid out according to the plan of the Anu temple ornamcnts m the temple have been found. See Ernst
(Figure 4), but using different scales. The north- H=“rich, Kleinfunde aus den archmschcn Tetnpel-
western part of thc building is the sanctuary proper, schi'l,le" Un,k (*erbn-PIat.CS 4"S:
with an Lamentation of recessed brickwork on the ■ • - Abb- Preuss; Akf
insidewalls. Against this shrine a large open court ^t. ^ .no' P a“33. Journa of car
surrounded by rooms is nothing but a repetition of ^tu *cs* v (r946)> x53
thc same plan, at right angles and on a large scale. 32* See the vase from Khafaje, Fran ort, ro
21. In the temple on thc Anu Ziggurat (Figure 4) Sress °f ^ie Work of the Orienta Institute of raq,
P-8
the rooms at the west and south corners each con- ^934/35 (O.I.C. 20), 9, Surc 54, an
tained such a staircase. British, Mnseum Quarterly, n (1927 , plates vi-vn
22. Lenzen, Die Entwicklung der Zikurrat, 8. 33- Jts occurrence at the very cginmng o e
23. In the facade of Waradsin’s fort at Ur, for Protoliterate ™tdfsX
p. 9
example; see Antiquaries’Journal, xn, plate ixv. The seals as Louvre A-- ( ra , )
fip-ures built by means of moulded bricks in the PIatc VW)- .. .
facade of thc temple of Karaindash at Warka (Plate 34- Similar vases are known from Fara-™‘A
gzz*«»«
7o.)»b. ... «"» — “J

L~kl *rn «. SV as, *- <•>*»•
Abh. Preuss. AKaa. 4 I937)f 793, figures 7 and 8.
plate 34-
236