Page 267 - The Art & Architecture of the Ancient Orient_Neat

NOTES

buildings on the BisSa and Tell Z T& m8V “ 1,aVC not covered. The
Ebr,,SiSj*- ”"-v
hups earlier chan the others of this class. The same vioosly planncdfor privacy It miaht'l^ a reiideari.il
aPP ‘? t0 a vas= ln.thc Louvre (Contenau, Manuel, place. The other building resembles
644. figure 44S) with palm-trees resembling that in a store, treas­
plate 1 ib. ury, or office building. It is here that thc columns
o , • , , „ we re found (op. cit. plates xxvi, xxvii, and xxxii, 3),
p. 20 8. The relatively late (E.D. 111) date of thc pat- made of especially prepared wedge-shaped bricks
terned vases is proved by their occurrence at Mari which arc elsewhere used for circular wells. Morc-
^yr*a *VI (^S), plate xxvii, 3) and in thc tomb of over, this building had a portico with columns on a
Shubad at Ur (Woolley, Ur Excavations, ir, plate parapet. At Eridu (Abu Shahrein) two buildings
178). Fragments of vases of this type have been almost identical in plan have been found (Fuad
found in Iran, where they were even imitated in Safar, in Sumer, vi (1950), 31-3) which show thc
pottery (Sir Aurcl Stein, Archaeological Rcconnais- mazes of square and oblong rooms grouped round
1 sauce in North-Western India and South-Eastern Iran, and between courts which arc characteristic of large
plate vi), and even at Mohenjo-Daro, in thc Indus public buildings in Mesopotamia at all times. They
valley (E. J. H. Mackay, Further Excavations at do not contain the‘standard reception suite’of thc
Mohenjo-Daro (Delhi, 1937), 321 and plate cxlii, no.
Assyrian palaces, which can be traced back to about
45)-
2000 B.c. (see below). These buildings at Eridu,
9. This form is uncx plained, but since these like those at Kish, belong to thc beginning of E.D.
bricks were used in herringbone pattern, standing hi, perhaps even to E.D. 11.
on their narrow side, in alternation with layers of 16. P. Dclougaz, Thc Temple Oval at Khafaje
headers and stretchers, and since unhewn stones are (Chicago, 1940). This author also discovered a
used in the same manner in thc hill districts of similar temple oval at Al ‘Ubaid (Ibid., 140-5;
northern Iraq even now, it has been suggested that Iraq, v (1938), 1 ff.).
mountaineers settling in thc plain imitated in brick I? Tjlc fcncstration of thc shrine in thc temple p. 2;
thc traditional building material. P. Dclougaz, ova] is hypothetical and perhaps incorrect. It is
Planoconvex Bricks and thc Methods of their Employ- safcr to assume that thc shrines, like thc houses, had
ment (Chicago, 1933). square windows high up in thc walls with grilles of
10. Syria, xix (1938), plate ii. wood or baked clay. Examples of thc latter have
actually been found at Tell Asmar (Frankfort,
11. H. R. Hall and C. L. Woolley, Ur Excava­
Iraq Expedition of thc Oriental Institute, iQ32l33
tions, 1 (London, 1927), plate xxiv, 1.
12. Frankfort, Iraq Expedition of the Oriental (O.I.C. 17, figure 9)).
p. 21
Institute, i932/33 (O.I.C. 17), figures 5-7; 10-12. 18. It is generally believed, after Andracs sug- p -j
gestion, that they represent private houses, but their
13. Frankfort, The Birth of Civilization in thc Near
shape is not easily squared with this view. They are
East, plate xxii, no. 42.
shown, with bowls of incense and food placed
14. Syria, xvi (1935). 12-28,117-40; xvn (1936), upon them, on cylinder seals — e.g. Frankfort,
3-11; xvni (i937), 55-<>5- The cloisters arc shown
Cylinder Seals, plate xxiv (f).
in figure 3, p. 58, in the last article. 19. See H. A. Groenewegen-Frankfort, Arrest
15. Very little is known of secular buildings of
and Movement, 161.
thc Early Dynastic Period. They are generally 20. Revue d'Assyriologic, xxn (1925). 42 £
grouped together, suggesting administrative offices.
At Kish there was a complex of three buildings 21. Thureau-Dangin, Smnerisch-AkkaJische Ko-
(Ernest Mackay, A Sumerian Palace and the ‘A’ uigsmschrften, 72, translation Thorkild Jacobsen.
Cemetery at Kish, Mesopotamia; Field Museum of 22. Revue il’Assyriologie, xxn (1934). U9-
Natural History Anthropology Memoirs, I, No. 2, 23. Thureau-Dangin, loc. cit.
Chicago, 1929). One shows steps leading up to an 24. For details see Frankfort, Sculpture of the p.24
'set far back between three pairs of towers Tell Asmar and hhajaje
entrance Third Millennium from
forming a narrowing approach. Two thousand
tornung f Nabomdus at Ur had a 'evidence for this interpretation^^-
yCil[fries’Journal, xr, plate liii).
1 Kish the building to which this impressive cussed in Frankfort, Sculpture, 45 7* n
But at
238