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Notes 201

iH. Ibid. 11 must be noted here, however, that in the historical section
of the Gazetteer, Lorimer states that Buraimi ‘became almost an annexe
of the principality of Abu Dhabi’ (ibid., vol. i, p. 771).
19. Cox, in Geographical Journal, lxvi, 207.
20. S. B. Miles, The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf new edition
(London, 1966) p. 539.
21. Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. it, p. 414.
22. W. Thesiger, ‘A Further Journey across the Empty Quarter*, Geographical
Journal, exm (1949) 39-40. Thesiger was the first European in modern
times to visit Liwa; although he was not far from Liwa in 1946
after lie crossed the Rub‘ al-Khali, he did not actually visit Liwa
until late 1948.
23. Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 11, p. 405. Lorimer’s belief was based on the
fact that Shaykh Zayid’s influence was predominant in al-Khatam.
24. Ibid., vol. 1, pp. 772-4.
25. Hay, in Geographical Journal, exx, 439.
26. See Sir Charles D. Bclgravc, The Pirate Coast (London, 1966); Kelly,
Britain and the Persian Gulf 1795-1880; Lorimer, Gazetteer; Miles, Countries
and Tribes of the Persian Gulf H. Moysc-Barlctt, The Pirates of Trucial
Oman (London, 1966); Sir Arnold T. Wilson, The Persian Gulf (Oxford,
1928).
27. C. U. Aitchison, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating
to India and Neighbouring Countries, fifth edition (Delhi, 1933), vol. xi,
pp. 245-8.

CHAPTER 2
1. Sir Percy Zachariah Cox (1864-1937), who was Political Resident
in Bushirc from 1909 to 1920, after five years as Acting Resident
there. His career included service as Chief Political Officer, Indian
Expeditionary Force in Mesopotamia, 1914-18; Acting Minister Tehran,
1918-20; and High Commissioner in Iraq, 1920-3. See Philip Graves,
The Life of Sir Percy Cox (London, 1941).
2. See Busch, Britain and the Persian Gulf 1894-1914; and Ravinder Kumar,
India and the Persian Gulf 1898-1907. A Study of British Imperial Policy
(New York, 1965).
3. A district within the Ottoman administration, ruled by a qa’immaqam.
4. Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, pp. 2638-9.
5. Parliamentary Debates, fourth scr., vol. cxxi, p. 1348.
6. The adviser was Charles Belgrave, who remained in Bahrain from
1926 to 1957, and exercised the greatest personal influence in the
shaykhdom. For an account of his years in Bahrain, sec his autobiography,
Personal Column (London, i960).
7. L/P&S/10, P595/i927(i), P4575/27, Government of India to India
Office, 8 Sep 1927.
8. R/15/1/268, Political Resident to Political Agent Bahrain, 25 Apr 1924.
9. L/P&S/10, P4535/i928(8), Viceroy to Secretary of State for India,
5 Oct 1928 (telegraph), first of five parts.
10. Ibid., second of five parts.
11. Ibid, 16 Oct 1928, fourth of five parts.