Page 62 - general studies for nda/na

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READY RECKONER OF INDIANGEOGRAPHY |22|

(i) States like Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan being far
away from the moderating influence of sea
experience continental climate.

(ii) The snowfall in the nearby Himalayan ranges creates
cold wave situation;

(iii) The cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea and
Turkmenistan bring cold wave along with frost and
fog over the north-western parts of India.

• The Peninsular region of India, however, does not
have any well-defined cold weather season. There is
no seasonal change in the distribution pattern of the
temperature in coastal areas because of moderating
influence of the sea and the proximity to equator.
Pressure and Winds:

By the end of December (22nd December), the sun shines
vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern
hemisphere. The weather in this season is characterised
The word EI-Nino means ‘Child Christ‘ because this
by feeble high pressure conditions over the northern
current appears around Christmas in December.
plain.
December is a summer month in Peru (Southern
Hemisphere). Rainfall:

The Rhythm of Seasons: Winter monsoons do not cause rainfall as they move
from land to the sea.
The climatic conditions of India can best be described in
terms of an annual cycle of 4 seasons: 1. They have little humidity

1. Cold weather season 2. Due to anti cyclonic circulation on land, the possibility
of rainfall from them reduces. So, most parts of India
2. Hot weather season
do not have rainfall in the winter season.
3. Southwest monsoon season
However, there are some exceptions to it:
4. Retreating monsoon season
(i) In North-western India, some weak temperate
cyclones from the Mediterranean sea cause rainfall in
1. The Cold Weather Season:
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh.
Temperature:
• The cold weather season sets in by mid-November in (ii) During October and November, northeast monsoon
northern India. December and January are the while crossing over the Bay of Bengal, picks up
coldest months in the northern plain. moisture and causes torrential rainfall over the Tamil
Nadu coast, southern Andhra Pradesh, southeast
• There are three main reasons for the excessive cold in
Karnataka and southeast Kerala.
north India during this season:

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Indian Monsoon