Page 66 - general studies for nda/na

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READY RECKONER OF INDIANGEOGRAPHY |26|

Natural Vegetation Nicobar Islands found in warm and humid areas with
an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean
Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has annual temperature above 22degree C.
been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its
• Well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and
individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil
conditions as fully as possible. are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short
structured trees followed by tall variety of trees up to
Himalayan heights are marked with temperate
height of 60cm.
vegetation; the Western Ghats and the Andaman
• There is no definite time for trees to shed their
Nicobar Islands have tropical rain forests. The deltaic
regions have tropical forests and mangroves. The desert leaves, flowering and fruition. As such these forests
and semi desert areas of Rajasthan are known for cactii, a appear green all the year round.
wide variety of bushes and thorny vegetation • Species found in these forests include rosewood,

Types of Forests: mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.

1. Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests Semi Evergreen Forests:
2. Tropical Deciduous forests • Found in the less rainy, such forests have a mixture of
3. Tropical Thorn forests evergreen and moist deciduous trees.
4. Montane forests
• The under growing climbers provide an evergreen
5. Littoral and Swamp forests
character to these forests.
• Main species are white cedar, hollock and kail.

2. Tropical Deciduous Forests

• These are the most widespread forests in India, also
called as monsoon forests. They are found in areas
with rainfall of 70-200 cm.
• On the basis of the availability of water, these forests
are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.

The Moist Deciduous:

• Rainfall of 100-200 cm. These forests are found in
the northeastern states along the foothills of
Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and
Odisha.
• Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul,
kusum, and sandalwood etc. are the main species of
these forests.
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests and Semi Ever Green
Forests. Dry Deciduous Forest:
Covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall ranges
• Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forests found
between 70 -100 cm. found in rainier areas of the
in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the
Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The
north-eastern region and the Andaman and
dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely.

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