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READY RECKONER OF INDIANGEOGRAPHY |31|

• Their structure ranges from sandy to loamy. Madhya nitrogen,
Pradesh and phosphorus
• They lack in nitrogen and calcium. Tamil Nadu and humus
Rich in iron
• Saline soils are more widespread in western Gujarat, Eastern parts of and potash Wheat, rice,
Deccan Plateau, but deficient
deltas of the eastern coast and in Sunderban areas of Red Tamil Nadu, in lime, cotton,
sugarcane and
West Bengal. Goa, Odisha and nitrogen pulses
Meghalaya phosphorus
7. Peaty Soils: and humus
Summits of
• Found in the areas of heavy rainfall and high Eastern and Rich in iron
Western ghats,
humidity, where there is a good growth of vegetation. Assam hills, but poor in Tea, coffee,
Laterite Andhra silica, lime, rubber, cashew
• Thus, large quantity of dead organic matter phosphorus,
Pradesh, and millets
accumulates in these areas, and this gives a rich Karnataka, West potash and
humus
humus and organic content to the soil. Organic Bengal and
Odisha
matter in these soils may go even up to 40-50 per
Generally
cent. unsuitable for
West and cultivation, but
• Soils are normally heavy and black in colour. North-West Rich in soluble with irrigation
India, salts, but useful for
• Occurs widely in the northern part of Bihar, southern Desert Rajasthan, deficient in cultivation of
North Gujarat
part of Uttaranchal and the coastal areas of West and Southern organic matter drought-resistant
lime, millets,
Bengal, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. Punjab barley, cotton,
maize and pulses
8. Forest Soils:
Hills of Jammu Rich in iron With fertilizers,
Mountai and Kashmir and humus, tea, fruits and
• Forest soils are formed in the forest areas where
n Uttarakhand but deficient medicinal plants
sufficient rainfall is available. and Assam hills in lime can be grown
Drier parts of
• They are Loamy and silty on valley sides and coarse- Bihar, Many salts
grained in the upper slopes. Saline Jharkhand, such as Unfit for
Uttar Pradesh,
and sodium,
• In the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, they Alkaline Haryana, magnesium agriculture
experience denudation, and are acidic with low Punjab, and calcium
Rajasthan and
humus content. The soils found in the lower valleys Maharashtra
are fertile. Contain large
Kerala, coastal amount of
Soils in India: Peaty regions of soluble salts Useful for rice
Odisha, Tamil and organic
and and jute
Types of Area of Marshy Nadu and matter, but cultivation
Compositions Crops grown Suderbans of lack in potash
Soils Occurrence
Large variety of West Bengal and
Rich in potash Rabi and Kharif phosphates
Punjab, and lime but
Haryana, Uttar deficient in crops such as
Alluvial wheat, rice, Soil Degradation:
Pradesh, Bihar nitrogen and
and Jharkhand phosphoric sugarcane,
cotton and jute • Defined as the decline in soil fertility, when the
acid
etc
Deccan plateau, Rich in iron, nutritional status declines and depth of the soil goes
valleys of lime, Cotton, down due to erosion and misuse.
Black (or
Krishna and aluminium, sugarcane, jowar,
Regur Godavari, magnesium, tobacco, wheat •
soil) Soil degradation is the main factor leading to the
Andhra calcium but and rice depleting soil resource base in India.
Pradesh, lacks in

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