Page 74 - general studies for nda/na

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READY RECKONER OF INDIANGEOGRAPHY |34|

Minerals Major producers of Bauxite are Kalahandi and
Koraput belt of Odisha (36%), Gujarat (20%),
Minerals generally occur in the Earth’s crust in the form of
Maharashtra (13%) and Jharkhand (13%).
ore. It is mined, extracted, processed and utilised for the
NALCO, BALCO and HINDALCO are major companies
economic benefits of the society.
engaged in mining of Bauxite in the country.
Metallic Minerals
Gold:
Iron:
India’s share in the world gold production is less than
India stands first in iron ore reserves in Asia. Iron ore is
one percent.
mainly distributed in the peninsular India.
Karnataka is the leading producer of gold accounting
Varieties of Iron Ore:
for 99% of total production and the rest comes from
Magnetite: The best quality iron ore containing 72% Jharkhand.

of pure Iron. Major gold fields in India: Kolar (Karnataka), Hutti
Haematite: Contains 60-70% of pure Iron (Karnataka), Ramgiri (Andhra Pradesh).
Limonite: Contains 40-60% of pure Iron Other Metallic Minerals:

Siderite: Contains less than 40% of pure Iron Diamond is found in Panna belt of Madhya Pradesh,
Distribution of iron ore- Karnataka, Odisha, Chattisgarh, Raichur-Gulbarga districts of Karnataka.
Goa, Jharkhand. Silver is produced from Zawar mines of Udaipur
Manganese: district of Rajasthan.
Non Metallic Minerals:
It is used for smelting of Iron and also for making
alloys containing Manganese. Non metallic minerals are used in a large variety of
industries; the major industries being cement, fertilizers,
India has second largest manganese reserves after
electricals, etc.
Zimbabwe.
India is the fifth largest producer of Manganese in the Coal :
world.
Also called as Black gold, it is originated by organic
Manganese reserves in India are found in Odisha
(44%), Karnataka (22%), Madhya Pradesh (13%), wood.
Maharashtra (8%) .
Types of coal on the basis of carbon content,
Copper:
Anthracite is the best quality of coal which carries 80 to
It is widely utilised by electrical industry for 95 per cent carbon content. It ignites slowly with a blue
manufacturing wires and other electrical equipments. flame. It has the highest calorific value. It is found in small
It is also added with gold to impart strength. quantity in Jammu and Kashmir.
Bituminous carries 60 to 80 per cent of carbon content
Major share of Copper production comes from
and a low level of moisture content. It is widely used and
Madhya Pradesh(58%), Rajasthan(32%) and
has high calorific value. It is found in Jharkhand, West
Jharkhand(11%). Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Major copper mining centres are at Singhbhum Lignite is often brown in colour. It carries 40 to 55 per
(Jharkhand), Malanjkhand(MP), Khetri-Singhana and cent carbon content. It is an intermediate stage which
Alwar(Rajasthan),Kho- Dariba and Delwara-Kirovli. happens during the alteration of woody matter into coal.
It has high moisture content so it gives smoke when
Bauxite:
It is the ore of Aluminium.

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