Page 50 - The World About Us

School students
1.1.1
2.2.3

What are health and education like in Indonesia?

As we have already seen, fig.136 Hospital in Jakarta. of adult smokers in the world. Most of
Indonesia's popula on is growing these are men, where three quarters of
rapidly. This is partly the result of adult men smoke. In contrast just 4% of
improved health amongst Indonesians. Indonesian women smoke.
Nearly 90% of the popula on now
In 2014, the Indonesian president
have access to clean water and 61% introduced new rules to provide
have access to improved sanita on. universal health care, called JKN, for
This has significantly reduced the all Indonesians. The JKN scheme will
incidence of water-borne diseases. see spending on health care increase to
However, Indonesia s ll faces many $46 billion by 2019.
health challenges. 25% of all deaths, the highest figure on
the planet. Many of these deaths are Previously, Indonesians had to take
® Bacterial diarrhoea, hepa s A and linked to smoking. out private health insurance. Millions
typhoid fever remain common in areas had no access to any health care at all.
of poor water sanita on. Dengue fever ® Smoking remains a major health Under JKN, employees will pay 5% of
and malaria, both carried by issue with an es mated 400,000 their wages (1% for themselves and 4%
mosquitoes, remain a serious problem. smoking related deaths each year.
Indonesia has the highest percentage from employers). Informal workers will
® With nearly 700,000 Indonesians pay a fixed monthly premium of
infected with HIV, the death rate from between 25,500 rupiahs and 59,500
AIDs related Illnesses is almost 2% of rupiahs (£1.35-£3.20 in 2017) to access
total deaths. public health services.
® 3.9% of deaths are the result of One year into the scheme, 133
road traffic accidents on Indonesia's million people had registered.
crowded roads. However, cri cs of the JKN fear it will
be hard to extend the scheme into
® Strokes remain the main cause of
deaths in Indonesia, accoun ng for fig.137 Smoking: damaging health. remote and outlying islands without
significant investment.
Indonesia’s thee million teachers educate over fifty million pupils.

The Indonesian educa on system is 93% of poten al students are enrolled fig.138 On the way to school in Flores.
the fourth largest in the world. in primary schools. This falls to 77% in
secondary schools and just 32% for
Over three million teachers help to
educate fi y million pupils in over higher level, ter ary educa on.
236,000 schools. The cost to the ¤ Indonesia's adult literacy rate is
Indonesian government is around 3.3% 94%. Illiteracy tends to be confined to
of GDP (compared to 5.8% in the UK or the very poor, the elderly and found in
12% in Cuba). This figure amounted to very remote loca ons.
$31billion in 2017.
¤ Parents can choose to send their
Under Indonesia's educa on laws, children to state schools or religious
children must complete 12 years of madrassas (Islamic schools). There are
compulsory educa on. However, only also private schools for those able to
pay. Many wealthy families send their
fig.139 Morning chores at primary
school - 7am, sweeping the yard. children to one of Indonesia’s many
interna onal schools where they are
educated in English.

¤ Indonesia's schools have been
cri cised for poor outcomes for failing to reach the classroom.
students. In 2015, Indonesia ranked
poorly for maths, reading and science ¤ A US educa on survey in 2013
in the interna onal PISA tests. suggested that poor educa onal
outcomes would result in Indonesian
¤ Indonesia's educa on system is companies being unable to fill half their
allegedly riddled with corrup on, with
as much as $144 million in state funds entry level jobs by 2020.

50

Many factors contribute to a country’s economic development.