Page 497 - Oriental Series Japan and China, Brinkly

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

less distinct are observed when we consider the state

in which the colouring matter presents itself. Finally,

the two assortments admit of no further comparison

when we come to establish a parallel between the

substances employed as principal colouring matters in

the two cases.

We" have seen that oxides employed in the palette

of the Chinese were confined to oxide of copper,

gold, antimony, arsenic, tin, and oxide of impure

cobalt, which gives sometimes blue, sometimes black ;

finally, to oxide of iron, which produces a species of
Wered.
have seen that in the colours of Europe,

where use is made of various oxides cited above, much

advantage is derived from substances unknown to the

Chinese. Thus the tone of pure oxide of cobalt is

modified by combination with oxide of zinc or alumi-

num sometimes with aluminum and oxide of
;

chromium pure oxide of iron furnishes a dozen
;

different shades from orange red to deep violet
;

pale or deep ochres, yellows, or browns are ob-

tained by combining various proportions of oxide

of iron, oxide of zinc, and oxide of cobalt or

nickel the browns are obtained by increasing the
;

proportions of oxide of cobalt contained in the com-

position that gives the ochres the blacks, by suppress-
;

ing the oxide of zinc in the same preparations. The

shades of yellow are varied by adding either oxide of

zinc or tin to lighten them, or oxide of iron to render

them deeper. Oxide of chromium, pure or combined

with oxide of cobalt or oxides of cobalt and zinc,

gives yellowish greens and bluish greens which vary

from pure green to almost pure blue. Metallic gold
gives the purple of Cassius, which can be changed at

will into violet, purple, or carmine. To this list may

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