Page 157 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

Fig. 3.1.2.10a and b Fragments
Fig. 3.1.2.9 Blue-and-white jar with domed lid
from the shipwreck San Antonio (1621)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Wanli reign mark and of the period
(1573–1620)
Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute (BUEI)
Éboli (1516–1573), a nobleman of Portuguese origin who was adviser to Prince Philip
160 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 108; and Vol. II, Document 20,
and later Contador Mayor supervising the Crown’s finances, lists numerous pieces of pp. 44 and 50. The kendis are described in Fol. 842
porcelain of various types. A inventory taken in 1585 of the belongings of Doña as ‘Cinco garrafas aceiteras a manera de garrafas
201
de porcelana, las dos doradas y de colores y las
Francisca Luisa de Luna, Marchioness of Camarasa, also lists a considerable number otras tres azules y blancas, con un pico que sale de
la barriga, a manera de teta, por donde se hecha el
of pieces of porcelain, some of them ‘mounted in silver, with gold foot and handles’, aceite, tasadas a doce reales cada una’.
among an exceptional group of ceramics from diverse origins (both Europe and 161 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 109, note 420. It is listed in Fol.
846 as ‘Una ruciadera de porcelana, el cuerpo y el
Asia). From an inventory taken in 1619 of the belongings of the VI Duke of Béjar, brocal de por sí con seis asas por donde sale agua
202
a la boca, azul y blanca tasada en veinte reales’. It is
Alonso Diego López de Zúñiga Sotomayor, we learn that he owned many pieces of also listed in the aforementioned document related
porcelain and other ceramic items, which were displayed together in his home. These to the possesions of Philip II and Queen Anne: AGP,
Sección Administración General, Leg. 903, Treasury.
are described as ‘Near the wall on the left of the architrave are forty-two porcelains 1617. See Krahe, 2014, Vol. II, Doucment 25, p. 76.
162 The Victoria and Albert Museum vase illustrated
from China, some larger than others. / On the same architrave are forty-eight large and here is discussed and published in Rose Kerr and
small, scarlet and gilded, large and small. Above the red ones were eighteen white ones, Luisa E. Mengoni, with a contribution by Ming
Wilson, Chinese Export Ceramics, London, 2011,
and between them Forty-five white pots. / Above a hanging jug on the said architrave pp. 102 (detail) and 107, pl. 150. Other examples are
found in the Topkapi Saray, the Teheran National
is a bowl from China with a silver foot and handles on a gilded papier-mâché tray. / Museum, and the Groninger Museum. See Krahl
In the said room on top of a larder is a deep fine porcelain from China; another large and Ayers, 1986, Vol. II, p. 658, nos. 1021 and
1022; Pope, 1981, pl. 86, no. 29.456; and Christiaan
fine porcelain shaped as a dish; a jug of carved white ceramic; a carved bowl from Jörg, Oriental Porcelain in The Netherlands.
Four Museum Collections, Groningen, 2003, p. 49,
China; twelve large and small red ceramics, some of them gilded and a tray of the same pl. 16, respectively.
ceramic [material]’. 163 Krahl and Ayers, 1986, Vol. II, p. 658; Linda Shulsky,
203
‘A Note on a Possible Spanish-Chinese Connection’,
Among the important members of the clergy who acquired porcelain, we can Oriental Art, Vol. XLVIII, No. 1 (2002), pp. 23–24; and
Jörg, 2002/03, pp. 21–22.
mention the nobleman Don Gaspar de Borja Velasco (1580–1645), who was Cardinal 164 AGS, E 420, fol. 79. Cited in Almudena Pérez de
of Toledo, Archbishop of Seville and Toledo, and Viceroy of Naples. An inventory of Tudela, ‘Ana de Austria (1549–1580) y su colección
artística. Una aproximación’, Portuguese Studies
1646 of the belongings of the Archbishop, who was the son of Francisco Tomás de Review Vol. 13, 1-2, Fall-Winter 2005 (Publ. 2007), p.
204, note 46; Canepa, 2014/1, p. 26; and Krahe, 2014,
Borja Aragón Centelles, VI Duke of Gandía, and Juana Enríquez de Velasco Aragón, Vol. I, p. 115, note 447.
lists several pieces of porcelain. Six of these pieces are described as ‘bell-shaped cups 165 Almudena Pérez de Tudela, ‘Making, Collecting,
Displaying and Exchanging Objects: an Overview
(jícaras) from India, for chocolate’. One wonders if these pieces would have been of Archival Sources Relating to the Infanta Isabel’s
204
Personal Possesions (1566–1599)’, in Cordula
similar to those recovered from the 1641 shipwreck, the Nuestra Señora de la Limpia Van Wyhe (ed.), Isabella Clara Eugenia: Female
y Pura Concepción, which will be discussed in the following pages. Wealthy merchants Sovereignity at the Courts in Madrid and Brussels,
Madrid, 2011, p. 67. Mentioned in Krahe, 2014,
of Seville that had porcelain among their household goods, include Juan Vicentelo, Vol. I, p. 113.
166 AGP, Sección Administración General, Leg.
who had business contacts in Peru and Panama. The inventory of the dressing room 902. Account of the expenses of Hernando de
205
of his palace-home, drawn up after his death in 1599, lists ‘a large quantity of glass Rojas, keeper of the princess’ wardrobe and
jellwery, in 1596. Pérez de Tudela, 2011, p. 67
and porcelain’ and on top of a walnut desk ‘a porcelain of clay of India white and and p. 80, note 95; and Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 114;
and Vol. II, Appendix 2, Document 23, pp. 67
nuanced (matizada)’. 206 and 72.
156 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer
of a blue-and-white plate from the
shipwreck El Galgo (1639)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
National Museum of Bermuda
(acc. no. 92:001.002)
Porcelain is also listed in inventories of the belongings of a small number of
167 AGS, Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de
Cédulas de Paso, no. 364, folio 126r. Madrid, 30 May individuals that belonged to lower levels of society, as recently shown by Krahe,
1598. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001, who had enough purchasing power to acquire porcelain for themselves or were well
Appendix A, p. 87. Cited in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 26;
and Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 103. connected to important members of society who had the means of acquiring it. For
168 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 108; and Vol. II, Appendix 2,
Document 20, pp. 43 and 49. The tray is described instance, the monk Lorenzo de Monserrate, owned pieces of Kinrande porcelain, blue-
in Fol. 839v as ‘Una fuente que dicen es de barro and-white porcelain with silver mounts as well and other blue-and-white porcelain,
de la China, con un pie bajo, labrada y pintada por
dentro de oro y colores, de animals y otras cosasa when he died in his monastic cell at El Escorial, Philip II’s palace-monastery located
de la China, metida en una caja de hierba que envoi
el contador Iriguen de Nueva España, tasada en northwest of Madrid, in February 1577. Juan de Herrera (1530–1597), the architect
207
cincuenta reales’.
169 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 111; and Vol. II, Appendix 2, and principal designer of the Escorial, owned various pieces of blue-and-white and
Document 16, AGS, CMC, 1st Época, Leg. 1092. other porcelain. 208
1569, p. 37. The original text in Spanish reads:
‘Sesenta porçelanas de diferentes tamaños y
hechuras y algunas dellas muy grandes y la vna con Archaeological evidence of porcelain from Spanish shipwrecks, colonial
vn çerco de oro en el pie que peso ocho castellanos
y medio y la vna hendida y otras tres desportilladas’. settlements, Spanish cities, and extant pieces
170 For an English translation and transcription of the
porcelain listed in the original document: AGS, Casa Maritime archaeological finds from four shipwrecks, three Spanish and one Portuguese,
y Sitos Reales, Leg. 67–2. 1569, see Krahe, 2014, indicate that small quantities of porcelain continued to be shipped via the Atlantic
Vol. I, p. 112; and Vol. II, Appendix 2, Document 17,
pp. 38 and 39. to Spain during the first half of the seventeenth century, most probably as personal
171 Fritz Fichtner, Ming-Porzellane in der Kunstkammer
Ferdinand II. Von Tirol, Keramische Zeitschrift, belongings of the passengers or as private trade. This evidence dates to the early years of
10. Jahrgang Nr. 8, 1951, S. 432–440; and Wilfried Philip IV’s reign and is provided by the shipwreck San Antonio, a 300-ton Portuguese
Seipel (ed.), Exotica. Portugals Entdeckungen im
Spiegel fürstlicher Kunst- und Wunderkammern der caravel sailing with the Treasure Fleet, which sank in 1621 on the southwestern reefs
Renaissance, Vienna, 2000, pp. 279–282, cat. nos.
208–214. of Bermuda Island while en route from Havana to Cadiz, under the command of its
172 Helmut Trnek, ‘Exotica in the Kunstkammers of owner Captain Don Fernandino Da Vera. The goods carried by the caravel, partially
209
the Habsburgs. Their Inventories and Collections’,
in Helmut Trnek and Nuno Vassallo e Silva (eds.), recovered at the time of the wreckage by her crew and shortly after by men under the
Exotica. The Portuguese Discoveries and the
Renaissance Kunstkammer, Lisbon and Vienna, 2001, orders of Governor Nathaniel Butler of Bermuda, included a blue-and-white jar with
p. 48. Cited in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 28.
173 Trnek, 2001, p. 46. Four pieces from the Prague’s domed lid (now partially reconstructed) densely decorated with dragons, bearing a
Kunstkammer are illustrated in Eliška Fučiková, Wanli reign mark on its base (Fig. 3.1.2.9). A year later, in 1622, the Santa Margarita
210
James M. Bradbunke, Beket Bukovinska, Jaroslava
Hausenblasová, Lumomír Konečný, Ivan Muchka and along the Nuestra Señora de Atocha and six other Spanish galleons of the Tierra Firme
Michal Šroněk (eds.), Rudolf II and Prague. The Court Fleet sank off the coast of Key West, while en route from Havana to Seville. The
211
and the City, Prague and London, 1997, pp. 506–507,
nos. II.169–72. shipwreck yielded a few blue-and-white porcelain shards, including five that formed
174 n the sixteenth century, the term brincos was
I
used to refer to a small jewel worn by women in part of two Kraak dishes with panelled rim borders and of three bowls, as well as silver
their headdress. Brincos, however, was also used from Peru and Mexico, emeralds from Colombia and pearls from Venezuela. The
212
to describe various pieces of different materials,
including gold and porcelain, as indicated by this wreck site of El Galgo, tender of the large store ship La Viga, both of which ran shore
contemporary document and by the ‘brincos de
persolana’ listed among the objects salvaged from on the Island of Bermuda in 1639 while sailing with the Royal Fleet, has yielded two
Trade in Chinese Porcelain 157