Page 159 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

Fig. 3.1.2.11 Kraak klapmuts from the
shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Fig. 3.1.2.12 Kraak ‘crow cup’ from the
shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Figs. 3.1.2.14a and b Kraak plate with central
ring cut into the porcelain body from the
shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Fig. 3.1.2.13 Large Kraak dish from the
shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Next pages 160–161
Fig. 3.1.2.17 Still Life with Chocolate Service
Oil on canvas, 40cm x 75cm
Juan de Zurbarán (1620–1649),
signed and dated 1640
Museum of Oriental and Western Art, Kiew
fragments of a blue-and-white plate decorated with three phoenixes in flight circling a the Portuguese shipwreck Nossa Senhora da Luz
flaming pearl within a white rim (Figs. 3.1.2.10a and b) (Appendix 3). (1615), mentioned earlier and cited in Canepa, 2014/1,
213
p. 263. It is interesting to note that in 1579, Queen
The porcelain recovered from the 600-ton galleon Nuestra Señora de la Limpia Anna of Austria (Philip II’s fourth wife) received some
y Pura Concepción, which sank during a storm on the north coast of present-day ‘brincos’ sent as a present by the Marchioness of
Villarreal from Portugal. The Marchioness sent more
Dominican Republic in 1641 while en route from Veracruz to Seville, provides new ‘brincos’ to the Queen Anna the following year,
after receiving a jewel given by the Queen to her
and exciting material evidence of the Spanish trade in porcelain because it includes daughter Beatriz. AGS, E 398, fol. 178. Cited in Pérez
a few types of Jingdezhen porcelain that have not been recorded in earlier Spanish de Tudela, 2005, pp. 204–205, notes 47 and 51. This
latter document does not specify the material of the
shipwrecks of either the trans-Pacific or trans-Atlantic trade routes, and therefore ‘brincos’. Therefore, it is not possible to ascertain if
they were made of porcelain. Mentioned in Canepa,
deserves a more detailed discussion (Appendix 3). When discussing the porcelain 2014/1, p. 252, note 76.
214
finds, it is important to bear in mind that the galleon was partially salvaged at the 175 AGS, Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de
Cédulas de Paso, no. 362, folio 345v. Madrid, 16 April
time of the wreckage, then again in 1687, and that its location thereafter remained 1590. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001,
Appendix A, p. 70. Cited in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 27.
unknown until 1978 when the wreck site was found again. The site yielded many 176 AGS Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de
215
pieces of various types of Kraak porcelain, their quality ranging from good to rather Cédulas de Paso, no. 362, folio 471r, San Lorenzo,
18 Septiembre 1591. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan
poor. These include a considerable number of shallow bowls or klapmutsen decorated Gschwend, 2001, Appendix A, p. 74.
177 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 116.
with monster masks, similar to those found at the survivor’s campsite of the shipwreck 178 AGS Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de
158 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer
Fig. 3.1.2.15 Transitional style blue-and-white Fig. 3.1.2.16 Transitional style blue-and-white
tall, bell-shaped cup from the shipwreck two-handled tall, bell-shaped cup from the Fig. 3.1.2.18 Kraak tall, bell-shaped cup from
Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Pura shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Pura the shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Concepción (1641) Concepción (1641) Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644) Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644) Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo Subacuático, Santo Domingo Subacuático, Santo Domingo
São Gonçalo (1630) (Fig. 3.1.2.11), the so-called ‘crow cups’ (Fig. 3.1.2.12), small
216
Cédulas de Paso, no. 363, folio 149v., Madrid, 2 May bowls and plates, as well as a few large dishes and a saucer dish, all with panelled
1594. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001,
Appendix A, p. 81.
179 AGS Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de borders (Fig. 3.1.2.13). There are several examples (intact and semi-intact) of an
217
Cédulas de Paso, no. 364, folio 262v., Aranjuez, 6 unrecorded type of Kraak plate with a shallow central ring cut into the porcelain
May 1600. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend,
2001, Appendix A, p. 81. body and covered with a transparent glaze, most probably intended to hold a cup,
180 AGS Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de Cédulas within an unusual border of eight panels enclosing stylized auspicious symbols, and
de Paso, no. 364, folio 296r. Madrid, 26 October
1600. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001,
218
Appendix A, p. 81. a wide, flat unglazed base (Figs. 3.1.2.14a and b). Despite the fact that the cups
181 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 119–120. and bowls recovered from the shipwreck do not fit perfectly into the shallow central
182 Account of Jusepe de Vargas, treasurer of His ring of the aforementioned plates, one wonders if these pieces would have been used
Majesty, by order of Arnedo, AGP, Administración
General, Cuentas Particulares, Leg. 5227, 14 May together as early models of mancerinas, which were used for the consumption of
1591. Almudena Pérez de Tudela, ‘La educación
219
artística y la configuración de la imagen del príncipe hot chocolate. A number of blue-and-white tall, bell-shaped cups decorated with
Felipe’, in José Martínez Millán and Maria Antonietta continuous river scenes were found in two variants, without or with handles (Figs.
Visceglia (eds.), La Monarquía de Felipe III: La Corte,
Vol. 3, Madrid, 2008, p. 126, note 236. Cited in Krahe, 3.1.2.15 and 3.1.2.16). These cups are decorated in the new painting style, the so-
220
2014, Vol. I, p. 120, note 472.
183 Presents given by Philip III to Archduchess called Transitional, which was first made at the kilns of Jingdezhen in the Tianqi reign
Maria of Graz in Barcelona in June 1599. Vienna, and was well established in the Chongzhen reign (Appendix 2), at the time the Spanish
Österreichisches Staatsaechiv, Haus-, Hof- und
Staatsarchiv, Spanien, varia, konv. 9, folio 316r–316v. galleon shipwrecked. The fact that 17 porcelain cups, together with plates, two candle
Published in Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend,
2001, Appendix B, p. 116. The vases are listed in Fol. holders, a number of forks, spoons and chalice bases, all made in silver, were found
316r as ‘100 vasos de porcelana’. Cited in Canepa, on the remains of a wooden chest with a hidden lower section containing 1.440 silver
2014, p. 28; and mentioned in Krahe, 2014/1, Vol. I,
p. 120. coins, suggests that this chest belonged to an affluent passenger who was bringing his
184 Maria Anna is believed to have expanded the
kunstkammer at Graz Castle in Austria. Her wealth to Spain. 221 Visual sources attest to the presence of such tall bell-shaped cups
correspondence indicates that she acquired without handles and continuous river scenes in Spain as early as 1640. A still life
curiosities via the imperial ambassadors in
Madrid. Alphons Lhotsky, Festschrift des KHM II: painting by the Spanish artist Juan de Zurbarán (1620–1649), signed and dated 1640
Die Geschichte der Sammlungen, Vienna, 1941–
1945, p. 330, note 155; and Trnek and Haag, 2001, (Fig. 3.1.2.17), depicts one such a cup alongside another tall bell-shaped cup but with
p. 61. Mentioned in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 28 and p. 253, Kraak panelled decoration turned upside-down, similar to a few semi-intact examples
note 87.
185 Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid, Consejos, Libro recovered from the wreck site (Fig. 3.1.2.18). Bell-shaped cups without handles and
2304, fols. 58v–59r. Letter from Philip III to the Duke
of Monteleón, Valladolid, 12 April 1605. Pérez de river scenes appear to have continued to be imported into Spain in the following
Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, 2001, Appendix A, decade, as suggested by an example depicted in a still life by another Spanish artist,
p. 99.
186 AGS, Valladolid, Cámara de Castilla, Libro de Antonio de Pereda (1611–1678), which is signed and dated 1652 (Fig. 3.1.2.19).
222
Cédulas de Paso, no. 361, folios 296v–297r. Lisbon,
23 July 1582. Pérez de Tudela and Jordan Gschwend, The fact that the compositions of both Zurbarán and Pereda include such tall bell-
Trade in Chinese Porcelain 159