Page 163 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

Fig. 3.2.2.21 Shard of a blue-and-white saucer
Fig. 3.1.2.19 Still Life with an Ebony and
Marquetry Table Cabinet
Oil on canvas, 80cm x 94cm
Antonio de Pereda (1611–1678),
signed and dated 1652
Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
(inv. no. GE 327)
Fig. 3.1.2.20 Transitional style blue-and-white
bell-shaped cup from the shipwreck
Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
shaped cups alongside utensils and products associated with the preparation of hot
chocolate, suggests that this particular type of cup was used for the consumption of
2001, Appendix A, p. 56. Cited in Canepa, 2014/1,
hot chocolate, a dining habit the Spanish elites of both the New World and Spain p. 253, note 89.
acquired from the Mexicas, the indigenous people that ruled the Aztec Empire, in 187 Published in Hermann Neumann, The Munich
Residence and Treasury, Munich, 2001, p. 123; and
the early sixteenth century. 223 The use of porcelain cups for chocolate in Spain in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 28, fig. 12.
188 Maximilian I, who belonged to the House of Austria
the 1640s is further proved by an inventory taken in 1644 of the belongings of the by birth, was the eldest son of William V and Renata
Marquis of Caldereita, which mentions that ‘five small porcelain cups (pocitos) for of Lorraine (1544–1602) to survive past infancy. His
paternal grandmother was Archduchess Anna of
chocolate’ alongside various other porcelains were kept in a pine sideboard. The Austria (1528–1590), the second daughter of Emperor
224
Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
find of 70 tall bell-shaped cups with handles decorated with river scenes, some of them (1503–1547). His maternal great-grandparents were
with inner rim borders of spiraling trendils interspersed by a flower, among the cargo King Christian II of Denmark and Norway (r. 1513–
1523) and Isabella of Austria (1501–1526), the second
of the Wanli shipwreck (c.1625), 225 similar to those recovered from the wreck site of daughter of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
and the sister of Emperor Charles V. Mentioned in
the Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Pura Concepción, demonstrates that this type of Canepa, 2014/1, p. 253, note 91.
blue-and-white tall bell-shaped cup decorated in the so-called Transitional style was 189 The Kraak armorial dish is published in Friederike
Porzellansammlung
ostasiatische
Ulrichs,
Die
purchased by both the Portuguese and Spanish. The wreck site of the Nuestra Señora der Wittelsbacher in der Residenz München,
226
Munich, 2005, p. 10; and Renate Eikelmann (ed.),
de la Limpia y Pura Concepción also yielded a few other bell-shaped cups without Die Wittelsbacher und das Reich der Mitte. 4000
handles, but of slightly smaller size, each decorated with a continuous landscape scene Jahre China und Bayern, Munich, 2009, pp. 48–49,
kat. no. 5.
with two figures (one standing, the other seated) beside a fence (Fig. 3.1.2.20), similar 190 On several occasions Habsburg rulers stayed at
the Residenz, for instance while en route to their
to 15 examples recovered from the Wanli shipwreck (c.1625). 227 Some bell-shaped cups coronations as emperors in Frankfurt and while
recovered from both shipwrecks bear apochryphal Chenghua reign marks. These finds travelling to the imperial city of Augsburg. Charles
V and Ferdinand II (r. 1619–1637) were among them.
brought the problem of the Wanli shipwreck’s dating to light. No precisely datable See Wolfram Koeppe, ‘Pietre Dure North of the Alps’,
in Wolfman Koeppe and Annemaria Giusti (eds.), Art
porcelains were recovered from this shipwreck, and no documentary records of the at the Royal Court. Treasures in Pietre Dure from the
ship’s sinking were found. Therefore the c.1625 was given by stylistic comparison Palaces of Europe, New York, 2008, p. 58 and note
21. By the end of the sixteenth century porcelain was
to porcelain finds from datable shipwrecks. 228 The Zurbarán painting dated 1640, already incorporated in German paintings, such as
a banquet scene by Georg Flegel (1566–1638) and
the tall bell-shaped cups from the Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Pura Concepción his Flemish master Lucas van Valkenborch. Lucas
162 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer
dish from the shipwreck Nuestra Señora de la
Limpia y Pura Concepción (1641)
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628 –1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Fig. 3.2.2.22 Blanc de chine Buddhist Lion
incense stick holder from the shipwreck
Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y
Pura Concepción (1641)
Dehua kilns, Fujian province
Ming dynasty, Chongzhen reign (1628–1644)
Oficina Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural
Subacuático, Santo Domingo
Fig. 3.1.2.23 Shard of a Kraak dish excavated
at the Plaza de Oriente, Madrid
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province
Ming dynasty, Wanli reign (1573–1620), c.1600
Museo Arqueológico Regional de la Comunidad
de Madrid, Alcalá de Henares
of 1641, and the 1644 inventory of the Marquis of Caldereita, indicate that such
cups were imported into Spain from at least the late 1630s. Based on these dates,
van Valkenborch and his brother, Martin, worked
as court painters for the Archduke Ernest of Austria as well as on a VOC letter dated 1634 discussed in section 3.4.1.2 of this Chapter,
(1553–1595), Governor of the Southern Netherlands one can postulate that the Wanli shipwreck sank at a slightly later date, probably in
from 1594 to 1595, and later for Emperor Matthias
(r. 1612–1619), successor and brother of Rudolf II. c.1630–1635. The find from the Nuestra Señora de la Limpia y Pura Concepción of a
Mentioned and illustrated in Canepa, 2014/1, p. 29,
fig. 13 and p. 253, note 93. finely potted blue-and-white jar of slender, ovoid form made of high quality porcelain
191 Mentioned in Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 120. clay and decorated with a continuous narrative scene depicting a figure standing by a
192 AGP, Sección Administración General, Leg. 902.
Inventory of Queen Margaret of Austria’s jewellery horse in a landscape, and a downward leaf border below the rim, demonstrates that the
and objects, 1612. Krahe, 2014, Vol. II, Appendix 2,
Document 23, pp. 64–74. Spanish also imported porcelain decorated in a new painting style, the so-called High
193 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, pp. 120–121; and Vol. II, Transitional, which became well established at the private kilns of Jingdezhen during
Appendix 2, Document 23, pp. 68 and 73. The
texts in Spanish read: ‘Tres porcelanas con pies y the Chongzhen reign (Appendix 2). Another interesting find from the wreck site is a
229
guarniciones de plata para server el caldo en la
mesa de su Magestad’; ‘Dos porcelanas grandes small number of blue-and-white shards of saucer dishes decorated with a central floral
para server sopa a la mesa de su majestad los dias roundel encircled by radiating sprays of blossoming flowers, which resemble those
de pescado. La una mayor que la otra con un borde
en el vevedero’; and ‘Dos escudillas de porcelana de made later in the early Kangxi reign (1662–1722) of the subsequent Qing dynasty
la yndia para servicio de su majestad metidas en su
caxa de madera cubierta de cuero negro’. (Fig. 3.1.2.21). Besides blue-and-white porcelain, the finds include a few wine cups
194 Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 120. with flared rims showing traces of floral overglaze enamel decoration on the outside,
230
195 Mentioned in María del Carmen Simón Palmer,
Alimentación y sus Circunstancias en el Real Alcázar as well as a Blanc de chine Buddhist Lion incense stick holder made at private kilns
de Madrid, Madrid, 1982, p. 24; and Krahe, 2014, Vol.
I, p. 153. of Dehua (Fig. 3.1.2.22), 231 which relates to finds made at both Jiabeishan kiln and
196 Travel License, 22 April 1621. Cited in Magdalena de Lingdou kiln in Xunzhong town (Appendix 2). This Buddhist Lion demonstrates
232
Lapuerta Montoya, ‘La corte y el arte’, in Martínez
Millán and Visceglia, 2008, Vol. 3, p. 586 citation 8; that the Spanish began acquiring Blanc de chine porcelain about ten years earlier than
and Krahe, 2014, Vol. I, p. 123.
197 Only a very small number of Blanc de chine pieces previously thought.
233
would have reached Europe at the time. The In Madrid, the seat of the royal court since the reign of Philip II, a considerable
earliest archaeological evidence of Blanc de chine
porcelain with painted decoration comes from the number of Kraak and other blue-and-white shards dating to the late sixteenth and
unexcavated Portuguese shipwreck, the Nossa
Senhora dos Milagros, which sank off Cape Agulhas early seventeenth centuries, were recently found during archaeological excavations at
Trade in Chinese Porcelain 163