Page 75 - Art In The Age Of Exploration (Great Section on Chinese Art Ming Dynasty)

19. Frederick C. Lane, "The Mediterranean Spice Trade: Eastern Asiatic Sources (London, 1888; 1967), Nationale des Antiquaires de France 46 (1885).
Its Revival in the Sixteenth Century/' in id. Venice 2:263. 56. Until very recently, for example, it has been main-
and History. Collected Papers (Baltimore, 1966). 43. Bretschneider, 2:265. tained that the Lion of Venice, which is most prob-
20. Frederick C. Lane, "Pepper Prices before Da Gama," 44. Bretschneider, 2:266. ably Romanesque and from northern Europe, had
in Journal of Economic History 28 (1968). 45. Charles Schefer, "Trois chapitres du 'Khitay been brought from Tarsus in southeastern Turkey
21. J. Michael Rogers, "To and Fro. Aspects of Mediter- Nameh/ Texte persan et traduction franchise," in (Bianca-Maria Scarfi, The Lion of Venice. Studies
ranean Trade and Consumption in the i5th and i6th Melanges Orientaux (Paris, 1883); Yih-Min-Liu, "A and Research on the Bronze Statue in the Piazzetta
Centuries," in Villes au Levant. Hommage a Andre Comparative and Critical Study of Ali Akbar's Khi- [Venice, 1990]).
Raymond, ed. Jean-Paul Pascual (Aix-en-Provence, taynama with Reference to Chinese Sources," in 57. Tesoro 140. Margaret Frazer and Carolyn Kane
1990). Central Asiatic Journal 25 (1983), no. i, 2. It is a (in The Treasury of San Marco [exh. cat. British
22. Eliyahu Ashtor, "La decouverte de la voie maritime compilation from earlier sources, some of them out Museum] (London, 1984), 29) needlessly complicate
aux Indes et les prix des Epices," in Melanges en of date, which leads Liu to question its authenticity. matters by their assumption, for which there is
I'honneur de Fernand Braudel i (Toulouse, 1973). The perennial Muslim tradition in geographical lit- little evidence, that the glass is of early medieval
23. Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des erature has, however, invariably been to draw on Persian manufacture. The base of the bowl bears an
Osmanischen Reiches (Pest, 1828), 2:289-291. earlier sources, not to compile Baedeker's guides; undotted Kufic inscription the letters of which,
24. Charles Grey, ed., A Narrative of Italian Travels to and many widely used contemporary Italian mer- HRSAN, can be vocalized in numerous ways, none
Persia in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries chants' guides and trading manuals were based on of them giving, however, an appropriate sense. The
(Hakluyt Society, London, 1873), 57. out of date sources too. final two letters AN are either an Arabic dual, giving
25. Halil Inalcik, "Bursa and the Commerce of the 46. Bretschneider, 2:306-330. two of some masculine noun, or possibly a Persian
Levant," in Journal of the Economic and Social 47. Simon Digby, War-Horse and Elephant in the Dehli plural in -an, which may or may not be significant.
History of the Orient (1960) 3:2; Halil Inalcik, (sic) Sultanate. A Study of Military Supplies Conceivably some Venetian antiquarian misread the
"Osmanh idare, sosyal ve ekonomik tarihiyle ilgili (Oxford-Karachi, 1971); Jean Aubin, "Le royaume inscription, omitting the r, which would then have
e
belgeler: Bursa kadi sicillerinden segmeler. II. Sicil i d'Ormuz au debut du XVI siecle," in Mare Luso- given a posible reading of Hassan not Hasan
Safar 883—Muharrem 886," in Belgeler 13 (Ankara, Indicum 2 (Geneva, 1973). however, and therefore nothing at all to do with
1988). 48. Michael W. Dols, The Black Death in the Middle Uzun Hasan. If so the wish to attribute it to him
26. Ashtor 1976. East (Princeton, 1977). was obviously father to the error.
27. Mattiebelle Gittinger, Master Dyers to the World: 49. A contemporary Italian description of the short- 58. Now Berlin, Staatsbiblothek Preussischer Kulturbe-
c
Technique and Trade in Early Indian Dyed Cotton lived Aqqoyunlu ruler Ya qub Beg's palace at Tabriz, sitz, Diez A Fol 72, Seite 3:2; Horst Blank, "Eine
Textiles (Textile Museum, Washington, D.C., 1982); the Hasht Bihisht (Grey 1873,175) describes a great persische Pinsel-Zeichnung nach der Tazza Farnese,"
G.M. Vogelsang-Eastwood, Resist-Dyed Textiles round carpet placed beneath the dome of the central in Archdologischer Anzeiger (1964); H.-P Biihler,
from Quseir al-Qadim, Egypt (Paris, 1990). audience hall, which may well have been of local Antike Gefasse aus Edelsteinen (Mainz, 1973), 41—
c
28. Ibn lyas, Bada'i al-Dhuhur, trans. Gaston Wiet in manufacture. But mentions of Persian carpets in late 43; Nicole Dacos, A. Giuliano and U. Pannuti, II
Journal d'un bourgeois du Caire, 2 vols. (Paris, 1955, fifteenth century Italian inventories or depictions of Tesoro de Lorenzo il Magnifico i. Le gemme (Flor-
1960), 1:81, 1:176. them in contemporary Italian paintings are extremely ence, 1973), 69-72.
29. Ibn lyas 1955, 1960, 1:195. rare; nor do they figure conspicuously in early six- 59. Now A. Soudavar collection. Armenag Sakisian, "A
30. Cengiz Orhonlu, "xvi. asnn ilk yansinda teenth century Ottoman palace inventories. propos d'un coupe a vin en agate au nom du sultan
Kizildeniz'de Osmanhlar," in Tarih Dergisi (1962), 50. John Mills, "Near Eastern Carpets in Italian Paint- timouride Hussein Baicara," in Syria 6 (1925);
12, no. 16. ings," in Carpets in the Mediterranean Countries Thomas W. Lentz and Glenn D. Lowry, Timur and
31. Victor L. Menage, "Seven Ottoman Documents 1400-1600, ed. Robert Pinner and Walter B. Denny the Princely Vision. Persian Art and Culture in the
from the Reign of Mehemmed n," in Documents (London, 1986). Fifteenth Century [exh. cat. Sackler Gallery, Smith-
from Islamic Chanceries, first series, ed. Samuel M. 51. There were carpet weavers, mostly Balkan, on the sonian Institution] (Washington, 1989), 150.
Stern (Cassirer, Oxford, 1965). Ottoman palace staff as early as the reign of 60. British Museum, OA 1959 11-20 i (36), Brooke
32. John Wansbrough, "A Mamluk Commercial Treaty Mehmed n (Bige (^etintiirk, "Istanbul'da xvi asir Sewell Fund. Washington 1989,124.
Concluded with the Republic of Venice 894/1489," in sonuna kadar hassa hah sanatkarlan. i. Turk san'at 61. Hazine 1844. Cengiz Koseoglu, The Topkapi Saray
Documents from Islamic Chanceries, first series, ed. eserleri ve hah hakkinda mutalealar," in Turk san'ati Museum. The Treasury, ed. J. Michael Rogers
Samuel M. Stern (Cassirer, Oxford, 1965). tarihi. Ara§tirma ve incemeleri, i [Istanbul, 1963]) (London, 1987), 196, no. 48.
33. A. Fabroni, Eaurentii Medicis Magnifici Vita (Pisa, who could have been weaving Holbein pattern 62. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, no. 328.
1784), 2:337. rugs too, though scarcely to cover tables, while
34. L. Landucci, Diario fiorentino 1450-1516 (Florence, embroidered or applique felts, or even rich silk
1883), 52-53. brocades, not carpets, remained the most highly
35. Giuseppe (Joseph) Miiller, Documenti sulle relazioni esteemed floor-coverings at the Ottoman court until
delle citta toscane coll'Oriente cristiano e coi Turchi well into the sixteenth century. But the manufacture
fino all'anno 1531 (Florence, 1879), 237, n. 202. of very much larger carpets in the U§ak area, with
36. Ibn lyas 1955, 1960, 1:249. designs based on bookbindings of the period 1470 to
37. Grey 1873, 57. 1490 (Julian Raby in Pinner and Denny 1986) was
38. H.2153, f. 95b. an initiative of the Ottoman court, since it involved
39. Grey 1873, 75. both a radical change in design and redesigned
40. Ma Huan, Ying-yai Sheng-lan. The Overall Survey looms too. Such U§ak carpets were reaching Italy by
of the Ocean's Shores, ed. J.V.G. Mills (Hakluyt the 15305, but they may have been made for the
Society, Cambridge, 1970). The quantities in which Ottomans as much as three or four decades earlier.
they arrived in the Gulf explain the remarkable fact 52. Ibn lyas, 1:393.
that Middle Eastern demand for Chinese porcelains 53. Marino Sanuto, 58 vols. Diarii (Venice, 1881-1901),
long remained fixated on the products of the Yuan 13:131, 21:46; (J. Michael Rogers in Pinner and
and the early Ming dynasties. In the late fifteenth Denny 1986).
century the Jindezhen kilns even manufactured 54. Alberto Boralevi in Pinner and Denny 1986.
copies of these earlier pieces specially to satisfy 55. Le Comte Riant, Depouilles religieuses enlevees a
Middle Eastern demand. Constantinople au xnf siecle par les latins, off-print
41. Joseph F. Fletcher, "China and Central Asia, 1368- from Memoires de la Societe Nationale des Anti-
1884," in The Chinese World Order, ed. John K. quaires de France 36 (1875); Le Comte Riant, "La
Fairbank (Cambridge, Mass., 1968). part de 1'eveque de Bethleem dans le butin de Con-
42. E. Bretschneider, 2 vols. Mediaeval Researches from stantinople en 1204," in Memoires de la Societe

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