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 Cross tolerance also present in sedative and hypnotics
(Benzodiazepines and barbiturates)

Physiological dependence

Dependence that involves persistent physical–somatic withdrawal

symptoms

 (fatigue, anxiety, tremors and/or persistent insomnia depending on
substance)

Psychological dependence

Dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal
symptoms.

 Loss of comfort

 Loss of pleasure etc.

Physiological and psychological dependence  result in compulsive use
of these drugs

 Tolerance, Cross tolerance, physiological and psychological
dependence are common with sedatives and hypnotics

Atypical sedatives and hypnotics

Buspiron

 Minimal CNS depressant effects (it does not affect driving skills)

 No anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant properties

 Partial agonist at 5HT and D 2 receptor

Good things about this

o Development of tolerance with chronic use is minimal
Contents o Little rebound anxiety and withdrawal symptoms

Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes By Muhammad Ramzan Ul Rehman