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R  Respiratory depression

I  increase smooth muscles activity  biliary tract constriction

(by increase contraction of biliary tract smooth muscles)

C  constipation  dec GIT motility  effects of opioids on
enteric nervous system(Used as antidiarrheal agents)

A  antitussive  suppression of cough reflex  by inhibiting

respiratory centres  with decrease response to CO 2 challenge

N  nausea and vomiting  activate chemoreceptor trigger zone

S  sedation and mental clouding (at higher doses)

Clinical Uses

 Analgesia fentanyl and morphine are used (Strong agonists)

 Cough suppression  cods are used  codeine

 Treatment of diarrhoea  diphenoxylates are used

 Management of acute pulmonary edema  morphine is used

 Anesthesia  preoperative medicines are used

Opioid dependence

Methadone (longer acting opioids)  used to manage withdrawal states
of opioids and maintenance program in addicts.

 Prolonged usage of methadone  block euphoric effects produced
by short acting opioids (like heroin and morphine)

Contents

Pharmacology Mnemonics and Short Notes By Muhammad Ramzan Ul Rehman