Page 3 - Article_Development of Character Education-Based E-Book in Civics Subject (PPKn) for Grade IV SD Negeri 2 Penglatan

Development of Character Education Based E-book in Civics Subject (PPKn) for Grade IV SD Negeri 2 Penglatan

teachers to know the basic abilities possessed by students including their basic abilities,
motivation, academic background, socio-economic background, and so on (Halimah & Rosita,
2019; Norma, 2021).
Teaching materials are a collection of media that contain learning materials or content
collected from various learning resources that are systematically made and will be absorbed by
students through engaging activities in the learning process. Teaching materials assist teachers
in classroom learning activities, whether written and unwritten materials are arranged
systematically to support teachers and facilitate student learning with clear learning objectives
and stimulate student learning.
Based on the results of interview conducted with Mr. I Gede Arimbawa, S.Pd. as the
fourth grade teacher of SD Negeri 2 Penglatan on 21 March 2022, it was found that the learning
resources used by the teacher during the learning process were only in the form of printed
teaching materials and the media used by teachers were only conventional methods by
providing video links to learn, this was due to the lack of teacher abilities and skills in
developing digital learning media such as presentation media, learning videos, E-Module and
E-Book teaching materials, interactive multimedia and so on. Developments of teaching
materials in the digital era greatly affect the process of learning activities in schools, a form of
technology utilisation in learning is seen in the increasing number of digital teaching materials
that support the learning process. Technology is one of the aspects that is widely used in the
learning process in the classroom, as a tool and equipment that supports learning activities. In
this case, teachers have an important task in designing learning that suits the needs of students
and can be used sustainably in the future both in offline and online learning (blended learning).
From the classroom learning observations conducted on 29 March 2022, it was found that
students tend to be bored and lack of enthusiasm during learning activities. On 30 August 2022,
researchers made repeated observation due to the implementation of the curriculum, the
Merdeka Curriculum that is being applied to grade I and IV only, and also due to the change
of school year. Researchers found that of all the recapitulated grades provided by the
homeroom teacher, the grades in the Civics subject (PPKn) of grade IV students were the
lowest in learning outcomes. Then, the developer conducted a survey for the fourth graders of
2022/2023 school year. When learning proccess took place, researchers found that there was
no learning media to support learning in the classroom. If teachers do not support the learning
process in innovative ways, it will affect students’ interests and learning outcomes, as well as
student quality and performance. Researchers then provided students with examples of multiple
learning media, such as E-book, learning videos, and interactive multimedia, and after
providing various media, investigated which learning media attracted students' attention and
which learning materials to make it easier to understand. As a result of learning media selection,
15 out of 21 students chose E-book as their favourite learning media. It is considered easy to
use and contains videos that are useful for understanding the audiovisual materials, so it was
found to be an easy-to-understand learning material.
Learning outcomes are changes in the behaviour of students after learning experiences,
including cognitive changes (memorisation, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis,
and evaluation), affective (acceptance, participation, assessment, organisation, and
characterisation) and psychomotor (perception, readiness, guided movement, habitual
movement, complex movement and creativity). Learning outcomes are also a reference to see
the success of students in mastering what was taught during learning activities (Qiptiyyah,
2020; Sutrisno & Siswanto, 2016). The average learning outcome score of students in Civics
subject (PPKn) in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year was 65.5 or (19.5%), with
only 4 out of 21 students passing the Minimum Completeness Criteria scoring 75. Student
qualifications and student activities in the classroom are still lacking and students tend to get
bored while studying. Based on these problem descriptions, one of the solutions that can be

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