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Teacher Actions Student Mental States and Processes

Providing and Students understand the progression of knowledge they
Communicating Clear are expected to master and where they are along that
Learning Goals progression.
Feedback

Using Assessments Students understand how their test scores and grades
are related to their status on the progression of
knowledge they are expected to master.

Conducting Direct When content is new, students understand which parts
Instruction Lessons are important and how the parts fit together.

Conducting Practice and After teachers present new content, students deepen
Deepening Lessons their understanding and develop fluency in skills and

Content processes.

Conducting Knowledge After teachers present new content, students generate
Application Lessons and defend claims through knowledge application tasks.

Using Strategies That Students continually integrate new knowledge with old
Appear in All Types of knowledge and revise their understanding accordingly.
Lessons

Using Engagement Students are paying attention, energized, intrigued, and
Strategies inspired.

Context Implementing Rules and Students understand and follow rules and procedures.
Procedures

Building Relationships Students feel welcome, accepted, and valued.

Communicating High Typically reluctant students feel valued and do not
Expectations hesitate to interact with the teacher or their peers.