Page 148 - Gobierno ivisible

Date: 4/5/2011 Page: 148 of 237

THE INVISIBLE GOVERNMENT -- CIA: THE INNER WORKINGS

ON A WARM DAY in June of 1963, Senator Frank Church, the Idaho Democrat, dispatched a Senate page across
the river to Langley with an envelope stamped: "Personal for the Director."

Church had stumbled on some information which he thought John McCone ought to have immediately. Three and
a half hours later a bedraggled and distraught page returned to Church's office. He reported that he had fallen into
the hands of CIA security police, who had questioned him at length about what he was up to. They released him
after a few hours but would not accept the letter. Senator Church finally mailed it.

Although the Senate messenger, like most Americans, thus never got a peek inside CIA headquarters, the agency's
operations are not a total mystery. It is possible to piece together a fair idea of its internal workings, and
organization, as well as the techniques and methods it uses both at home and abroad.

The CIA is, of course, the biggest, most important and most influential branch of the Invisible Government. The
agency is organized into four divisions: Intelligence, Plans, Research, Support, each headed by a deputy director.

The Support Division is the administrative arm of the CIA. It is in charge of equipment, logistics, security and
communications. It devises the CIA's special codes, which cannot be read by other branches of the government.

The Research Division is in charge of technical intelligence. It provides expert assessments of foreign advances in
science, technology and atomic weapons. It was responsible for analyzing the U-2 photographs brought back from
the Soviet Union between 1956 and 1960. And it has continued to analyze subsequent U-2 and spy-satellite
pictures. In this it works with the DIA in running the National Photo Intelligence Center.

Herbert "Pete" Scoville, who headed the Research Division for eight years, left in August of 1963 to become an
assistant director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. He was replaced as the CIA's deputy director for
research by Dr. Albert D. Wheelon.

The Plans Division is in charge of the CIA's cloak-and-dagger activities. It controls all foreign special operations,
such as Guatemala and the Bay of Pigs, and it collects all of the agency's covert intelligence through spies and
informers overseas.

Allen Dulles was the first deputy director for plans. He was succeeded as DDP by Frank Wisner, who was
replaced in 1958 by Bissell, who, in turn, was succeeded in 1962 by his deputy, Richard Helms.

A native of St. David's, Pennsylvania, Helms studied in Switzerland and Germany and was graduated from
Williams College in 1935. He worked for the United Press and the Indianapolis Times, and then, during World
War II, he served as a lieutenant commander in the Navy attached to the OSS. When the war ended and some
OSS men were transferred to the CIA, he stayed on and rose through the ranks.

Helms' counterpart as the deputy director for intelligence in the CIA hierarchy after the Bay of Pigs was also an
ex-OSS man. Ray Cline got into the intelligence business as a cryptanalyst in 1942, moving on to the OSS and the
CIA. He was born in Anderson Township, Illinois, and was graduated from Harvard, where he was elected to Phi
Beta Kappa. He also received his Ph.D. at Harvard and studied later at Oxford.

With the CIA, Cline served for a period as liaison man with British intelligence, the most important of the
sixty-odd foreign intelligence organizations with which the CIA is linked. Before he was named the DDI,