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Dr. Yolanda A. Ilagan receives her certificate of
appreciation from Prof. Sedigo.

For the second speaker, Dr. Isaias A. Banaag, Faculty Researcher of the College of
Education (CED) gave his talk on how to create a viable theoretical and conceptual
framework for research. He talked about the common error regarding the Input-Process-
Output (IPO), which was in fact, a model or framework and not a method. He further said
that the framework was actually different from the research paradigm, a source of difficulty in
most research papers. The problem, he said, was actually rooted in problem building, the
problem being the driving force behind a research, which should be geared to address gaps
between what was happening and what should be happening. Structure or maps were
needed in order to come up with broad areas to be covered in the research. This would help
the researcher to emerge from chaotic thinking and into a more logical, organized viewpoint
for the research problem at hand. He also explained the difference between a theoretical
framework and a conceptual framework: a theoretical framework is used when there is only
one theory featured in a basic research, whereas a conceptual framework is used when
there are multiple theories and other personal observations that need to be synthesized in a
more complex type of research. He also distinguished a construct from a variable—the
construct being a concept with a deliberate and invented meaning, while a variable being a
construct with an assigned numerical value. He ended his discussion by summarizing the
differences between a theoretical framework and a conceptual framework: a theoretical
framework is ―adopted from a pre-existing theory or theoretical perspective, an application of
a theory as a whole or in part, and with a literature research that is deductive‖ while a
conceptual framework is ―created from a variety of conceptual and theoretical perspective, a
synthesis of relevant concepts, and with research literature that is usually inductive.‖

Dr. Isaias A. Banaag discusses the importance of
problem-building in research.

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