Page 93 - Maukon
P. 93

om;a&;


                            tajccHrlawGxJrSm
           tawGUtBuHKawGudk
                                                                                                                 EdkifiHwnf armfuGef;rsm;

                                        trsKd;om;a&;tiftm;pkBuD;yJ


                               EdkifiHa&;OD;aqmifrIu@rSm
                                        jzpfygw,f/
           avhvmMunfhwJhtcgrSm
                                                                aus;Zl;jzpfwmudk azmfñTef;jyovsuf&Sdygw,f/
                            xnfhoGif;csrSwfoifhygw,f/
   &Sif;&Sif;pmay
                                        'gaMumifh


                               xdkufwefpGmyg0ifzdkYudk
                                                                         Ouú| OD;atmifwdk; acgif;aqmifonf/
                                        jynfolwdkY
                                                                            (2008)\ rlMurf;a&;qGJcJhaom aumfr&SiftzGJU0if 54 OD;/
           odomxif&Sm;apygw,f/

           1946
                                                                               20074 'DZifbmv 3 &ufaeYrS 2008 ck? azazmf0g&DvaeYtxd zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'
                         ]]ppfqdkwm[m EdkifiHa&;&JUtqufyJ}}qdkwJh pum;od&SdMurSmjzpfygw,f/ wpfenf;
                       qdk&&if ppfa&;eJY EdkifiHa&;[m qufvsuf&Sdw,fvdkY t"dyÜg,fay:vGifaew,f/ vlYabmif
                               tajccHOya'topf&JU
                                  tusdK;jzpfxGef;apatmif qufvufo,faqmifay;vdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJY vmr,fh trsKd;
                                     wyfrawmf&JU trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&; tpOftvmudk EdkifiHawmfeJY jynfolrsm;twGuf ydkrdkwdk;wuf
                                                          ap&ef a&SUqHk;uumuG,fapmifha&SmufcJhwJh a&SUqHk;u tzGJUtpnf;jzpfwmaMumifh jrefrmh
                                                       ta&;awGeJY ywfoufNyD; tawGUtBuHK&ifhusufwJh tzGJUtpnf;jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH
                                                                   at;csrf;rI[m wyfrawmf&JU BuD;rm;wJhapwemeJY  pGefYvTwfrIrsm;aMumifh &&SdcJhwJh tusKd;
                                                             ]]wyfrawmf[m jrefrmEdkifiH&JU ta&;rSeforQrSm jynfoltrsm; twd'ku©ra&muf
                                                    opfudk xlaxmif&mrSm jynfolrsm;twGuf tusKd;t&SdqHk;jzpfr,fh vrf;aMumif;udk OD;wnf
                                           vdktifqE´udk udk,fpm;jyKr,fh ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk ulnDwnfaxmifay;r,fh
                                        tm;udk;av;pm;wJh
                                                 avQmufvSrf;EdkifzdkY jynfolawG tm;udk;tm;xm;jyK&r,fh tzGJUtpnf;yJjzpfygw,f/ EdkifiH
                                              awmf&JU ta&;oHk;yg;eJY jynfolwdkY&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udk tpGrf;ukefumuG,fNyD; jynfolwdkY&JU
           ckESpf
                    avmuBuD;rSm vlrIy#dyu©awGudk EdkifiHa&;enf;eJY ajz&Sif;MuwmygyJ/ odkYaomf EdkifiHa&;enf;
                 eJY ajz&Sif;wdkif; atmifjrifNyD;ajrmufyg&JUvm;qdk&if ae&mwdkif;? udpöwdkif;rSm amtifjrifrI
              r&wmukd awGU&rSmjzpfygw,f/ 'Doabmobm0udk urÇmhtajctae orkdif;aMumif;
                                                                                                                 277
        'kwd,urÇmppftNyD; umvrS 1990 jynfhESpftxd 45 ESpfumvtwGif;rSm trnftm;jzifh
                                                                                                                 278
                                                                               awGeJY
                                                       awmf)u
                                                                                          tzdk;wefwJh
                                                                aemufqHk;awmh
                                                                                             qifETJcJh&wJhtwGuf
                ]]uRefawmfwdkY
                                                                                          oifcef;pmawG
                                                                udk,fhudk,fudk
                                                                               BuHKBudKufcJhwmudkvnf;
                                                                                             EdkifiHrsm;pGmu
                                                       tjyKoabmudkaqmifwJh
                                                                                    BudK;yrf;ajz&Sif;oGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
                wyfrawmf[m
                               tNrJwrf;vufurf;BudKaerSmjzpfygw,f/
   &Sif;&Sif;pmay
                                                                ckcHumuG,fcGifht&
                                                       wpfrsKd;om;vHk;
                                                                                             tajrmftjrif&SdwJh
                                                                                          rsm;pGm&&SdcJhNyD;jzpfygw,f/
                   yl;aygif;aqmif&GufMurS jzpfrSmudk odEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/
                aMu;pm;ppfwyf
                                                                               uRefawmfwdkYEdkifiHordkif;rSm
                                                                                          uRefawmfwdkY
                r[kwf½Hkomru
                                                                umuG,fckcHcJh&ygw,f/
                                                       pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;udk
                                                                                       tzGJUtpnf;tzdkY jzpfEdkifwmrSeforQ EdkifiHa&;enf;? Nidrf;csrf;wJhenf;wdkYeJY twwfEdkifqHk;
        tiftm;pkawGjzpfwm vlwdkif;odwJhtcsufjzpfygw,f/ av;pm;jcif;cH&wJh EdkifiHa&;orm;
                                                    typftcwf &yfpJay;xm;rIeJY olwdkYtzdkY vufeufudkifvrf;pOfpGefYNyD; trsKd;om;nDvmcHrSm
                                                                                  ]]tJ'Dvdk jyóem ajz&Sif;&mrSm Nidrf;csrf;pGmajz&Sif;csifayr,fh r&EdkifwJh tajctae
                            ]]tem*wfEdkifiHawmfc&D;rSm jynfwGif;ujzpfap? jynfyujzpfap toGiftrsKd;rsKd;
                                                                               txift&Sm;&SdcJhygw,f/
                                                                                                ]]'D 20 &mpkrSm urÇmppfBuD;ESpfBudrf? uefYoefYppf? a'oEÅ&ppfawG tBudrfBudrf
                                                             ]],aeY jynfwGif;jynfy tzsuform; tMurf;zufaomif;usef;olawG&JU oabm
                                                                   udk usL;ausmfapmfum;cJhwJh jzpf&yft&jzpfap tJ'Dordkif;oifcef;pmawGt& uRefawmffwdkY
                         udkaqmifwJh EdkifiHawmfzsufqD;a&; tvm;tvmawGudk tcsdefrD[efYwm;ta&;,lcsif
                                                          xm;eJY vkyf&yfudkMunfh&ifvnf; EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rI wnfaqmufa&;tzGJU (wyfr
                                                       a&S;½IwJh
                                                                         1885 ckESpf wwd, t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppfyGJawGt&jzpfap? 1953 ckESpf w½kwfjzLwdkY[m
                                                                                             trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifawGtzdkY
                                                                                                   umrSmusif;ycJhwJh awmifajrmufpm;yGJ0dkif; aqG;aEG;yGJrSm wifoGif;wJhpmwrf;t& od&ygw,f/
             EdkifiHa&;ppfppfjzpfwJh e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpfawmfvSefa&;eJY ,ck 'DbufacwfrSm
                                                                                                         jzpfcJhNyD; vl 22 oef;cefYtxd aoauscJh&w,f/ tJ'Da'orSm vufeuftoHk; p&dwf
                trsKd;om;
                                                                                                      a':vmoef;axmifaygif; 200 txd oHk;pGJcJh&w,fqdkwmudk 1990 jynfhESpf aumfpwm&D
                                  [m uRefawmfwdkY&JU wdkif;&if;om;awGjzpfvdkY 'DvdknDvmcHBuD;rSm yg0ifqifETJzdkYtwGuf
                                        a&;? jynfaxmifpkBuD;a&;? jynfolrsm;&JU ta&;udk riJhuGufbJ tMurf;zufaeolawG
                                     tay:rSm uRefawmfwdkYvdktyfwJh wkefYjyefrIawG vkyfcJh&ygw,f/ odkYaomf olwdkYwpfawG
                                           wdkufcdkufcJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh b,fvdkrS tjyKoabmraqmif? b,fvdkrS EdkifiHawmf
           vGwfvyfa&;xdef;odrf;a&;udk toufaxmifaomif;ay;qyfNyD; wdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh rsKd;cspf
                      w,fqdk&if trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&; OD;aqmifrI tcef;u@rSm wyfrawmfeJY wdkifwdkifyifyif
                                                 yg0ifEdkifatmif oabmxm;BuD;BuD;eJY tajctaeawGudk zefwD;cJhayr,fh tm;vHk;Mum;od
                                                                                                                 wuúodkvfjrwfol
                                                                      jynfytiftm;BuD;EdkifiH&JU ausmaxmufaemufcH,lNyD; uRefawmfwdkY&JU tcsKyftjcmtmPm
                                                                                                            ppfat;wdkufyGJumvvdkY qdkxm;ayr,fh wwd,urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;rSm ppfyGJaygif; 125 Budrf
                                                                                          jrefrmhvlYabmif
                                              cJhNyD;jzpfwJhtwdkif; rdrdwdkYwyfrawmf&JU xD;rlcD;pcef;? a[GyHkavmif;pcef;awGudk tjrwfxkwf
                                                                            1824 ckESpf yxr t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppfyGJ? 1852 ckESpf 'kwd, t*Fvdyf-jrefrmppfyGJ?
        ogm;MuzdkY
                               apcsifvdkYyJ
                                                                                             tjyKoabmeJY
                                                    jzpfygvdrfhr,f/
                                              Oya'awGtay:
                                                                               aqmif&Gufwm[m
                                     twdkif;jzpfygw,f/
                                                                                                                 EdkifiHwnf armfuGef;rsm;
                                                                      wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;r,f/
                               jzpfygw,f/
                                                                                             BudKqdkMuwmudk
        vdktyfrSmjzpfygw,f/
                                              pdppfcsrSwfum
                                                                      wpfEdkifiHvHk;?
                   qHk;jzwftcsdefusa&mufaeNyDjzpfygw,f/
                                                    tJ'DtrsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;rSm
                                                                               olYobm0jzpfygw,f/
        OD;wnfcsuf
   &Sif;&Sif;pmay
                               trsKd;om;nDvmcHBuD;rSm
                                                                                             Mum;od&ygw,f/
                                                                      wpfrsKd;om;vHk;&JU
        (6)&yf[m
                                                    wyfrawmfuJhodkY
                                                                                             'gayr,fh
                                              aumif;rGefwJhvkyfief;pOfawGudk
        b,folrS
                               tcGifhtcgaumif;
                                                                      tusKd;&Sdapr,fh
                                              vufwGJ
                                                                                                OD;aqmifrItcef;u@rSm yg0ifxrf;aqmifr,fqdkwJh tcsufeJY pyfvsOf;NyD; yk*¾dKvftrsm;u
                                                                                                                 279
                                                                                             avmued,mrtwdkif;
                         a&Smufay;r,fh tiftm;pkBuD;jzpfwJh wyfrawmfudk opöm&Sd? owdå&Sd? wm0efodwJh tazmf
                                                                                                         EdkifiHa&;jzpfay:rI tptOD;u xufMuyfruGm wdk;wufjzpfay:vmcJhwJh tzGJUtpnf;jzpf
             OD;wnfcsuf (6)&yfudk tNrJwrf; ESvHk;oGif;NyD; aqG;aEG;Mur,fh taMumif;u@tvdkuf
           pOf;pm;vsmxm;MuwJhtcgrSmvnf; tJ'DOD;wnfcsuf (6)&yfudk pHjyK? xif[yf? EIdif;csdef
                                                                                                            BuD;awGeJY pwifzGJUpnf;jzpfay:vmwJh wyfrawmfjzpfygw,f/ wyfrawmf[m trsKd;om;
        jiif;vdkYr&EdkifwJh
                                                                                                   ]]udk,fpm;vS,fawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; - wyfrawmf[m tem*wftrsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;
                      rGeftjzpf EdkifiHawmftem*wf c&D;vrf;rSm wyfrawmfeJY vufwGJaqmif&GufoGm;MuzdkYudk
                                                                                                      wJhtwdkif; trsKd;om;a&;rSm 0g&ifhNyD; tawGUtBuHK <u,f0wJh tzGJUtpnf;wpfck jzpfygw,f/
                ]]'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY ,aeYpwifusif;ywJh trsKd;om;nDvmcHBuD;rSm qdkcJhwJh
                            trdEdkifiHawmfeJY EdkifiHom;rsm;tay: tEÅ&m,fay:vm&if toufay;NyD; umuG,fapmifh
                                                          wnfaqmufxdef;odrf;r,f/ tJ'DqdkcJhwJh ta&;t&mawG[m ygwDwpfckwnf;&JU ta&;
                                                             &Sdatmifaqmif&Gufr,f/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;&JU uspfvspfnDñGwfwJh pnf;vHk;a&;udk
                                                    ordkif;tpOfvmaumif;&Sd?
                                                       r[kwfovdk ygwDwpfckwnf;u pGrf;tm;NyD;ajrmufEdkifwJh ta&;r[kwfwm tm;vHk;odNyD;
                                                                tcsKyftjcmtmPm ydkifqdkifrIudk pdwfcsvufcs umuG,fapmifha&SmufEdkifwJh tajctae
                                                                      pDrHudef;awG?
                                                                         ab;&eftEÅ&m,fawGudk wm;qD;umuG,fr,f/ ab;tEÅ&m,f usa&mufjyef&ifvnf;
                                                                   tpDtpOfawGudk csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfr,f/ txl;ojzifh EdkifiHawmf&JU vGwfvyfrI?
                                                                            ]]trsKd;om;EdkifiHa&;uawmh wpfEdkifiHvHk;? wpfrsKd;om;vHk;tay: usa&mufr,fh
                                                                                  trsm;qHk;&atmif BudK;yrf;wm[m ygwDEdkifiHa&;jzpfygw,f/ ygwDEdkifiHa&;udk ygwDrsm;u
                                        jzpfygw,f/ ]]wpfa,muftm;eJY,laomfr&? wpfaomif;tm;jzifh,laomf&}} qdkwJh pum;
                                                                                          tjrifrMunfvifwJholrsm;vnf; &Sdaumif;&SdEdkifygw,f/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvftcsKdU tjrifrSef&atmif
                               BuHKBudKufwkef;
                                  ]],cktxd yGifhyGifhvif;vif; &Sif;jyaewmuawmh 'DtcsufeJYywfoufNyD; tjrif&Sif;
                                           txnfazmfwm[m EdkifiH&JUjynfolrsm;tzdkY taumif;qHk;? tusKd;t&SdapqHk; enf;vrf;
                                                                                       tenf;i,f&Sif;vif;ajymMum;&r,fqdk&if rdrdygwDtzGJUtpnf;eJY rl0g'? oabmw&m;?
                                                                                    vkyfief;pOfawGudk jynfolvlxkudk csjypnf;½Hk;NyD; jynfolvlxk rJqE´&Sifrsm;&JU axmufcHrI
                                              taumif
                                                 pkpnf;nDñGwfrI&SdNyD; pGrf;&nf&SdwJh tzGJUtpnf;&JU udk,fpm;vS,frsm;eJY vufwGJNyD; rl0g'awG?
   88   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98