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Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
Central Medical College of New York in Syracuse, NY formed by merger of Eclectic Medical Institute of New York and Randolph Eclectic Medical Institute. 1850, moved to Rochester and became Rochester Eclectic Medical College. Closed 1852.
Western College of Homeopathic Medicine founded in Cleveland, OH; first graduates, 1851. 1857, becomes Western Homeopathic College. 1870, becomes Homeopathic Hospital College. 1881, absorbed Homeopathic Medical College for Women. 1894, becomes Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery. 1898, merged with Cleveland Medical College (Homeopathic) to become the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College.
LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Elizabeth Blackwell graduates from Geneva Medical College, NY, as first woman in the US
to receive a regular medical degree (MD). 1852, presents NY Lectures on the Laws of Life, need for physical education and exercise for children’s development. 1857, opens first women run New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children. Exists today as New York University Downtown Hospital.
DEFINITIONS, ETHICS, PRINCIPLES, AND THEORY
Lorenz Gleich, MD, Bavarian physician (1798– 1865), extends “Naturheilkunde” concept in 1849. Radical representative of hydropathy and naturopathy in strong opposition to conventional medicine.••
HERITAGE AND KNOWLEDGEBASE
John Uri Lloyd, PharM, PhD (d 1936) Pioneer in modern plant extracts use in medicine; influential in pharmacognosy, herbal pharmaceutical
22 Naturopathic Medicine
HISTORY AND PROFESSIONAL FORMATION TIMELINE
FOUNDATIONS OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
manufacturing, ethnobotany, American materia medica, economic botany. Founded Lloyd Brothers Pharmacists in Cincinnati, OH, with brothers; one of world’s largest sophisticated pharmaceutical companies. Their library contains largest world herbal literature. In addition to eight fiction
works, Lloyd published plant medicine Bulletins (including Belladonna, Goldenseal, Damiana, and Aloe). In 1920, Lloyd received Remington Medal and Ebert Prize prestigious awards. Controversial figure; central in Eclectic medicine; acclaimed as modern alchemist; elected president of American Pharmaceutical Association twice.
1850
ACADEMIC: INSTITUTIONS AND COUNCILS
Literary and Botanico-Medical Institute of Ohio renamed as Physio-Medical College in 1850; the literary and medical departments were separated in 1851 with the medical department adopting the name of Physopathic Medical College of Ohio. Closed 1880.
Syracuse Medical College founded in Syracuse, NY; Eclectic; closed 1855.
Thompsonian College founded in Barbourville, GA.
LEGISLATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
Female Medical College of Pennsylvania founded in Philadelphia, PA, by small group of Quaker businessmen, clergy, and physicians and headed by philanthropist William J. Mullen. Founded amidst reformist social movements; important
as first regular medical school for women in the world. Last medical school in the world to provide medical education exclusively for women.
Ernst Schweninger (d. 1924) Opens first nature cure hospital; located in Berlin. •••
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