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Aviliani, an economist at the Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (Indef), said
Friday that the wage gap was smaller for higher managerial po-sitions, for which the wage was
based more heavily on skills.

Women in high managerial positions earn on average Rp 5.9 million every month and men Rp
7.23 million, according to BPS data. The difference is a wage gap of 18.31 percent, slightly below
the overall wage gap.

"Women in lower positions tend to think about their fam-ily first regardless of the pay they
receive, while men tend to nego-tiateAviliani told the Post in a phone interview.

Manpower Minister Ida Fauzi-yah said Indonesia still considered wage equality between men and
women important since the coun-tiy ratified in 1958 the ILO Convention on Equal Remuneration.

"Given the gender gap in our labor market today, my ministry, to-gether with all of our social
partners and international organizations, continues to reinforce our joint actions against gender-
based dis-crimination at work. It is time for women and men to be equally ap-preciated by their
talents, work re-sults and competence, not by their gender," she said in the release.

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