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PROBLEMS & ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED

Regarding the availability of technology there are many licensors actively participating in
several new projects. The technology suppliers for different operating and upcoming units,
clearly indicating that there is no dearth of technology availability, as illustrated in Fig. 10.

FIG: 13

Technology Licensors for Gasification & Syngas Manufacture [103]
Total capacity of reactors using coal as the main fuel, breakdown by technological groups (current and
forecast by 2016).

20 000
18 000
16 000 3495 Planning
Construction
14 000 Operating
12 000
Syngas, MWth 10 000 8418 4876 17569

8 000
6 000 1 150
1 150
4 000 4125 4451 1590 7258
2 000 5801 4377 4902 512 141
0 2028 1912 449 588 55 16 685
Shell GE ECUST Siemens MHI E-GAS (ConocoPhillips) Uhde PRENFLO GTI U-GAS LP Winkler TRIG (KBR Transport Reactor) Sasol Lurgi Dry Ash

Regarding economically viable capacity, a comprehensive study was carried out by Marek and
Tomasz, [103] where they have considered several options as summarized below:
a. Only at about 5,600,000 TPY coal consumption to produce 1 MT of liquid fuels such as
propane and FT diesel, the plant starts to be profitable. The investment is of the order
of 230.7 Thousand US $/ Ton /Day of coal processed. This unit includes the carbon
capture and sequestering with oxygen firing and power generation through steam turbine
(Combined Cycle).
b. The economically feasible capacity for single point delivery for hydrogen production is about
500,000 TPY coal processed. The investment cost with all other features the investment is
of the order of 306.2 Thousand US $/ Ton /Day of coal processed.
c. For production of methanol also the economic capacity is 500,000 TPY but the investment
cost for similar installation as above is little higher, about 314 Thousand US $/ Ton /Day of
coal processed.
d. Polygeneration of both power and methanol from either of the two identical gasifiers, with
total capacity of about 500,000 TPY becomes economically feasible. These units operate
in IGCC mode. This option adds flexibility since the plant can easily be switched to power
or methanol production depending upon the selling price and demand levels.

80 Methanol and DME Production: Survey and Roadmap | 2017