Page 193 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: TRANSPORTATION

map the region. It is intended to provide an all- The main objective of the E-navigation strategy
weather absolute position accuracy of 7.6 metres is the substantial and permanent increase of
throughout India and within a region extending maritime safety and security of the whole shipping
approximately 1500 kilometres around it. A goal industry as well as increasing its operational and
of complete Indian control is envisaged with the economic efficiency.
space segment, ground segment and user receivers Three fundamental elements must be in place as
all being built in India. pre- requisite for E- Navigation in future. These are:
1. Worldwide coverage of navigation areas by
4.3.3 Automatic Identification System Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC);
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an
automatic tracking system used on board ships 2. A robust and possibly redundant electronic
by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) for identifying and positioning system; and
locating vessels by electronically exchanging data
with other nearby ships and AIS base stations. 3. An agreed infrastructure of communications
AIS information supplements marine radar, which to link not only ship and shore but also from
ship to ship.
continues to be the primary method of collision
avoidance. Vessels fitted with AIS can be tracked 4.3.7 Shipboard Weather Routing
by AIS base stations located along coastlines or,
when out of range of terrestrial networks, through Shipboard weather routing is defined as an
optimum track of ship route with an optimum
a growing number of satellites that are fitted with engine speed and power for an ocean voyage
special AIS receivers.
based on en-route weather forecasts and ship’s
characteristics. Within specified limits of weather
4.3.4 Long Range Identification and Tracking and sea conditions, the term optimum means a
System (LRIT) maximum of safety and crew comfort, a minimum
It is a designated International Maritime of fuel consumption and time underway, or any
Organization (IMO) system designed to collect
and disseminate vessel position information desired combination of these factors. It can be
clearly seen, accuracy of determining the optimum
received from IMO member states ships that route depends on 3- aspects:
are party to International Safety of Life At Sea
(SOLAS) Convention. LRIT is a satellite based 1. Accuracy of prediction of ship’s hydrodynamic
real time reporting mechanism that allows unique behaviour under different weather conditions,
visibility to position reports of vessels that would 2. The accuracy of the weather forecast,
otherwise be invisible and a potential threat to
safety and security. LRIT complements existing 3. The capability and practicability of the
classified and unclassified systems to improve optimization algorithm.
maritime domain awareness.
4.3.8 3D Dynamic Programming (3DDP) Method
4.3.5 Bridge Navigational Watch & Alarm System for Weather Routing
(BNWAS) 3DDP method offers quasi-global optimal routing.
BNWAS is a monitoring and alarm system which Compared with other traditional weather routing
notifies other navigational officers or master of programmes, this new method allows changes
the ship if the officer on watch does not respond of shipping course and power delivered by the
or he/she becomes incapable of performing the engine during the optimisation process. Case
watch duties efficiently that may lead to maritime studies with real weather conditions have shown
accidents. that significant fuel savings could be achieved
by following the route and operation profile
4.3.6 Future navigation technologies provided by this method rather than traditional
Future of ship’s navigation is Electronic-Navigation methods. The newly developed3DDP method of
or E-Navigation. E-Navigation is the harmonized weather routing has the potential to contribute
collection, integration, exchange and presentation to the international push to save fuel and reduce
of maritime information onboard and ashore greenhouse gas emissions.
by electronic means to enhance berth to berth
navigation and related services, for safety and 4.4 SECURITY ASPECTS
security at sea and protection of the marine Due to international nature of commercial
environment. shipping, security of ships becomes a global
issue involving numerous stakeholders having

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