Page 59 - BBC History - September 2017

New entry

55 Alexander Hamilton 45 Edward I 36 Joan of Arc
See box left 1239–1307 1412–31
King of England French martyr, saint and military leader
54 1st Duke of Wellington
1769–1852 44 Augustus 35 Martin Luther King
British prime minister and military leader 63 BC–14 AD 1929–68
Considered the first Roman emperor Religious activist and civil rights leader
53 Henry V
1387–1422 43 Julius Caesar 34 Jane Austen
King of England and victor at Agincourt 100 BC–44 BC See box below
Roman ruler, general and statesman
52 Francisco Franco 33 Empress Matilda
1892–1975 1102–67
Military dictator of Spain Claimant to the English throne

51 Æthelflæd 32 Catherine of Aragon
c870–918 1485–1536
Anglo-Saxon ruler of Mercia Spanish-born first wife of Henry VIII
22 Thomas Cromwell
50 Mahatma Gandhi 31 William the Conqueror 1485–1540
See box right c1028–87 Born the son of a Putney brewer,
First Norman king of England Cromwell’s big break came when
49 Catherine the Great he landed a job working for Cardinal
30 Abraham Lincoln
See box below Wolsey, Henry VIII’s powerful first
1809–65 minister. When Wolsey fell from grace
48 Charles II 16th US president and opponent of slavery after failing to gain papal permis-
1630–85 sion to annul Henry VIII’s marriage to
King of England, Scotland and Ireland 29 Josef Stalin Catherine of Aragon, Cromwell advised
1878–1953 Henry to break with Rome and make
47 Louis XIV Soviet revolutionary and dictator himself head of the Church of England,
1638–1715 allowing the king to marry Anne Boleyn.
50 Mahatma Gandhi
French monarch, known as the Sun King 28 Boudica Cromwell soon became Henry’s right-
1869–1948 c30–60 hand man but ended up on the scaffold
46 Karl Marx Born to a wealthy Hindu family in Ancient British queen of the Iceni tribe having arranged the king’s disastrous
1818–83 north-west India, Gandhi’s first experi- marriage to Anne of Cleves.
ences of nonviolent civil disobedience Down 14 places from 2016
German philosopher and political theorist 27 Alexander the Great
came while he was practising law in 356 BC–323 BC
South Africa, in response to the Indian
King of Macedonia
community’s struggle for civil rights. 23 Emmeline Pankhurst
In around 1921 he became leader of 26 Mary I
the Indian National Congress, leading 1516–58 1858–1928
campaigns for a number of social British suffragist and political activist
causes and to end British rule in India. England’s first queen regnant
One of his most famous protests was 22 Thomas Cromwell
the 240-mile Dandi Salt March of 1930, 25 Horatio Nelson See box above
challenging the British-imposed salt 1758–1805
British naval commander 21 Oliver Cromwell
tax. Gandhi was assassinated in 1948.
Non-mover from 2016 1599–1658
24 Edward IV English soldier and statesman
1442–83
42 John F Kennedy First Yorkist king of England Turn the page for the top 20...
1917–63
35th US president
41 Genghis Khan 34 Jane Austen
1162–1227 1775–1817
49 Catherine the Great Founder of the Mongol empire This year sees the 200th anniversary
1729–96 of both Jane Austen’s death and the
40 Isaac Newton
The daughter of a minor German prince, publication of two of her novels:
Catherine (born Sophie Friederike 1643–1727 Persuasion and Northanger Abbey.
Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst) became a Mathematician, astronomer and physicist Austen’s first known writings date from
member of Russian royalty following c1787, with Sense and Sensibility the
her marriage to Grand Duke Peter, 39 Henry II earliest of her novels to be published in
1133–89
heir to the Russian throne. Catherine
her lifetime, in 1795. Austen, who never
ILLUSTRATIONS BY ANDY TUOHY declared empress, a title she would 38 Oswald Mosley published anonymously at first – are a
First Plantagenet king of England
overthrew her husband shortly after
married, is celebrated as one of England’s
favourite authors: her six novels – all
he became tsar in 1762, and was
1896–1980
window into the life of the landed gentry
hold for more than 30 years. Expanding
in the 18th and 19th centuries. She is
the empire was her priority: territories
Leader of the British Union of Fascists
believed to have died of Addison’s
gained during her reign include Crimea,
37 Vladimir Lenin
Belarus and Lithuania. She was also a
disease, an endocrine disorder.
great patron of the arts and education.
1870–1924
Down 19 places from 2016
BBC History Magazine Hot 100 Russian communist revolutionary 59