Page 49 - Science

RESEARCH Successful design of oligomeric c
transmembrane proteins
Lu et al., p. 1042

IN CIENCE JOURNALS
S
Edited by Stella Hurtley

The Arctic fox molts in the
ADAPTATION
autumn from a dark summer
to a white winter coat. Changing coats
with the season

any species of mammals
and birds molt from summer
brown to winter white coats
to facilitate camouflage.
M Mills et al. mapped global
patterns of seasonal coat color
change across eight species includ-
ing hares, weasels, and foxes. They
found regions where individuals molt
to white, brown, and both white and
brown winter coats. Greater propor-
tions of the populations molted to
white in higher latitudes. Regions
where seasonal coat changes are the
most variable (molting to both brown
and white) may provide resilience
against the warming climate. —SNV
Science, this issue p. 1033

TUBERCULOSIS washing and emits minimal Mudrocks appeared at the same the nucleus in living cells. Gu
A trehalose tool for background fluorescence, poten- time as did deep-rooted land et al. developed a strategy to
tially making it particularly useful plants. The interplay between deliver multiple RNAs to guide
tuberculosis for the rapid detection of meta- plants and sedimentary rocks inactive Cas9 to label these
Tuberculosis is the leading infec- bolically active M. tuberculosis in suggests that a change in ero- elements. Quantitative mea-
tious killer worldwide. The resource-limited environments. sion rate and the chemistry surement of their movement
prevalence of drug- and multi- —CC of sediments delivered to the during stem cell differentia-
drug-resistant Mycobacterium Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaam6310 (2018). oceans occurred around 500 tion revealed that increased
tuberculosis necessitates more million years ago. —BG DNA loci mobility correlated
rapid and specific diagnostics. Science, this issue p. 1022; with transcriptional activation.
Kamariza et al. designed a GEOLOGY see also p. 994 —SYM
color-changing dye based on Mudrocks get a Science, this issue p. 1050
trehalose, a sugar that makes
up the outer membrane of M. vegetative assist MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CREDITS: (FROM TOP TO BOTTOM) P. LU ET AL.; NATURE PICTURE LIBRARY/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
tuberculosis. The dye stained Mudrocks such as slate and Tracking regulatory NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
live bacteria within minutes, shale are rarely found in The proton channel
emitting fluorescence upon stratigraphy older than about DNA in action
incorporation into the hydropho- 500 million years. McMahon Cis-regulatory DNA elements behind sour taste
bic mycobacterial membrane. and Davies compiled a large such as enhancers and promot- Although many proteins that
Heat-inactivated bacteria did database of mudrock occur- ers are critical for transcription form ion channels in cell mem-
not fluoresce, and drug-treated rence over the past 3.5 billion regulation. Little is known branes have been described,
bacteria emitted reduced fluo- years to help assess the origin about the relationship between none that selectively conduct
rescence. This trehalose-based of this ubiquitous rock type (see these elements’ transcriptional protons into eukaryotic cells
dye does not require sample the Perspective by Fischer). activity and their mobility within have been identified. Tu et al.

1004 2 MARCH 2018 • VOL 359 ISSUE 6379 sciencemag.org SCIENCE
Published by AAAS

DA_0302ISIO.indd 1004 2/28/18 10:51 AM