Page 88 - All About History 58 - 2017 UK

The Dark Arts of Elizabeth’s Spymaster

“Philip the spider king had
The rogues given up all pretence of allying

gallery with England”

to be suspicious. Cut off from correspondence for
Walsingham’s men were spies who nearly a year, Mary was eager to take advantage
sold their honour and loyalty to the of a chance to send and receive her mail through
beer barrels. Little did Mary know, her letters were
highest bidder falling right into the hands of Walsingham and his
men, decoded and read in London, then sent on
Giordano Bruno their way.
During this infiltration, messages were received
An Italian friar, poet and philosopher, Bruno was close friends with from Anthony Babington, a wealthy Catholic
Philip Sydney. While he was in London, it is believed that Walsingham gentleman who had recruited his own team
had him deployed as a spy for the court in the French embassy. His
information led to the reveal of a plot to dispose of Elizabeth and with one aim in mind — assassinate Elizabeth.
replace her with Mary Stuart. This society also had links with Europe and, of
course, Spain. Before the plot, or the queen, could
be executed, Walsingham tricked the men into
Thomas Phelippes Walsingham’s intervention revealing themselves and they were promptly
in the Babington plot led to rounded up and arrested. Many of the conspirators
Coming from humble origins as the son of a cloth merchant, Phelippes were tortured, most notably a priest, Ballard, who
the downfall and execution of
managed to climb the social ladder thanks to his amazing ability with Mary Stuart in 1587 had to be carried to his execution in a chair as he
languages. Speaking French, Italian, Spanish, Latin and German, his was unable to walk.
skills easily transferred to make him a talented cryptographer and
However, the biggest success was that it directly
he was snatched up by Walsingham to decipher enemy letters. His
implicated Mary herself in the scheme. Elizabeth
work proved that Mary Stuart was involved in a plot to oust Elizabeth,
finally had reason to act and Mary was arrested,
resulting in her execution.
sent to trial and found guilty. The queen then
igned her own cousin’s death warrant and she
sig
Robert Poley was
s beheaded. The Catholic threat, from within
g and at least, was, for now, eliminated and
Englan
all thanks to Walsingham’s eyes and ears
Poley’s origins are swathed in mystery. In 1580, he appeared almost it was al
he nation.
out of nowhere with a large amount of money. He was determined to across the
find work as a spy and Walsingham ushered him into the network as Alth
Although Walsingham was successful with
a Catholic informer. He befriended the masterminds of the Babington foiling plots from within the nation, the threat
fo
plot and was monumental in its undoing.
from outside was still very real. Philip the spider
king had given up all pretence of allying with
Gilbert Gifford England and instead set about making sure Spain
would be the most powerful nation in Europe.
His most alarming action was his move to
Born to a Catholic family, Gifford was ordained as a Catholic deacon. He
conquer Portugal by force, claiming the land was
was actually arrested by Walsingham but agreed to work for him as a
double agent. Given the codename ‘number four’, he befriended Mary his as the recently deceased king was his childless
Stuart and secretly delivered coded letters from her to Walsingham. nephew. Elizabeth, however fiery, did not wish to
After the plot was revealed, he quickly fled to France and was ordained go to war with the nation but found herself with
as a priest in Rheims. To this day, whether he was allied to Walsingham no option but to send troops to the Protestant
and Elizabeth or Mary remains a mystery. rebels in the Netherlands, who were revolting
against the Spanish king’s hegemony. To Philip,
this move was unacceptable — he believed that
Antony Standen only by defeating England could he continue his
quest for power and control over Europe.
Known by the alias Pompero Pellegrini, Standen was another Catholic
Philip had a plan and it was a huge one. He
who had been convinced by Walsingham to act as a spy. Although he
was settled in France, he was able to obtain crucial information about would create an armada large and powerful
plans for the Spanish Armada for over two years, including a list of enough to put a stop to England’s meddling once
ships, supplies and men. Despite his service to England, Standen’s Philip reigned over Spain at its and for all — and conquer it in the process. He
devotion to the Catholic Church resulted in him being imprisoned in most powerful but there were did everything he could to gain Catholic support
also five state bankruptcies
the Tower of London. for this mission against the Protestant nation,

88