Page 86 - VIRANSH COACHING CLASSES

3) It is not suitable for short distances.
4) It requires huge investment costs such as construction of airports, runways, air traffic control
tower etc.
5) Air transport is subject to international restrictions as aeroplanes of some nations are not
a11owed to fly over other countries.

Just to know

In India, Ministry of Civil Aviation looks after development of air transport throughout the
country and The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the Indian governmental
regulatory body to investigate aviation accidents and incidents and also promotes safe and
efficient air transportation through regulation and proactive safety svstems.

4) Water Transport:

Water transport refers to movement of goods and passengers on waterways by using various
means like boats, steamers, launches, ships etc. With the help of these means goods and pas-
sengers are carried to different places, both within as well as outside the country. When the
goods and passengers move inside the country, it is known as inland water transport. When the
different means of transport are used to carry goods and passengers on the ocean or sea route,
it is known as ocean or sea transport. In India, Ministry of Shipping looks after development
of ocean transport throughout the country.
Advantages:
1) It is relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy goods.

2) It is safe mode of transport with respect to occurrence of accidents

3) It helps to promote international trade.

4) There is no cost for constructing and maintaining of routes as most of them are naturally made.

5) It offers more flexibility as compared to rail transport.

Disadvantages:
1) It does not provide door to door service.

2) It gets heavily affected by adverse weather conditions.
3) It is comparatively slow moving transport.

4) More investment cost is involved in terms of ports, ships, maintenance etc.

5) It is subject to perils of sea.

Just to know

India currently ranks 6th among the maritime countries with a coastline of 7,517 km with
14 major ports (12 government and 1 corporate) and about 200 non-major ports currently
operating in the western and eastern regions of the country. According to the ministry 95%
of India's trade by volume and 70% by value occurs through maritime transport.

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