Page 394 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Tabel 2
Parties Voters % Seats

Golkar 34.348.673 82,80 336
NU 10.213.650 18.67 58
PNI 3.793.650 6,94 20

Parmusi 2.930.746 5,36 24
PSII 1.308.237 2,39 10
Parkindo 733.359 1,34 7

PartaiKatolik 603,740 1,10 3
Perti 381.309 0,70 2
IPKI 338.403 0,62 -

Murba 48.126 0,09 -
Jumlah 54.699.509 100 460

by the NU and PSII, while the Masjumi Political Movement in the New the former Masjumi figures who had Parmusi had replaced its chairman by a Table 2 The 1971 Election
refused to join. In 1960, the Masjumi was Order Period been released from prison. They were government appointed person. Although Results
declared banned, a number of the party In order to strengthen his position, Hamka, Isa Anshary, and Burhanuddin the party establishment’s proposal was
leaders were arrested and imprisoned. 48 Harahap. Some former Masjumi leaders approved, the government did not permit
Soeharto began his political
The involvement of communists in consolidation by implementing a like M. Natsir, Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, former Masjumi activists to become
the government made the military repressive policy towards Islamic Prawoto Mangkusasmito, M. Roem, involved in the party’s new leadership
and Islamist groups less comfortable political groups but collabrated with and Kasman Singodimejo were also Soeharto’s close ally Mintaredja was
with Soekarno. September 1965 was Muslim groups that did not have political present and they made speeches during appointed to head Parmusi.
a defining moment when the chaotic, aspirations. Groups with political Islamic a grand sermon. They demanded the Of course, these conditions were a
radical, and corrupt democracy orientation were feared to disrupt the government’s immediate rehabilitation of great disappointment for the former
ended. A planned coup alledged by country’s stability and to causesecurity the Masjumi. Masjumi leaders and Parmusi’s
the Communist Party of Indonesia, threats had they successfully imposed Apparently the Masjumi activists hoped supporters. In the 1971 general
supported by Gerwani (Communist their influence on society in general. to get back into politics and that their election, the Parmusi only gained
50
Women Movement) and Pemuda Rakyat They were also suspected of trying to party would be allowed to revive. 5.36% of the votes while the NU
(the People’s Youth) kidnapped some impose the establishment of Islamic state Although they had so meritoriously gained as many as 18.67%. In general,
high-ranking army officials and murdered and to implement the shari’a (Pauker, joined the military to save the country since the 1971 general election,
them. The coup attempt was averted 1981: 240). Soeharto did not hesitate to from the suspected communist coup, Islamic parties’vote results had been
by Major General Soeharto, the chief of rid himself of his political rivals from both the New Order regime did not meet declining. The 1971 election’s results
the Army’s Strategic Reserve Command Islamic and Nasionalist. Therefore, to their expectations. The military-backed are shown in Table 2: 51
(Kostrad) aided by Islamic organizations. circumvent Soeharto’s repressive policy, regime’s position was very clear. The In order to be able to monopolize
The Coup plot which was later known Islamic groups began to implement government would never allow any political discourse, the New Order
as the September 30 Movement (G30S) a pragmatic political strategy to avert group that had been involved in “illegal regime reduced the political parties into
stimulated horizontal conflicts that cause politics and to focus more on social and activities and rebellion” to return to two major groups: Islamic, nationalist,
hundreds of thousands of casualties from religious activities. However, the Islamic politics. In 1967, former Masjumi activists and secular. Islamic parties joined
both Muslim and the communist parties. Political groups did hope that the new prepared for the establishment of a the United Development Party (Partai
To restore security and stability in the regime would accommodate their political new political party, Partai Muslimin Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP), the
country, Soeharto, fully supported by the and economic interest because of the Indonesia (Indonesian Muslims Party, nationalist party joined Golongan Karya
army took over power. 49 services they had provided during the Parmusi). Due to the former Masjumi (the Functional Groups, Golkar), and the
48. Din Syamsuddin. Islam dan Politik Era Orde alleged communist insurgency. In August leaders’ persistence to that the socialist-leaning and Christians parties
Baru (Jakarta: Logos, 2001), pp.43-62. 1968, thousands of Muslims gathered Parmusi’s chairman should come from melted into the Indonesian Democratic
49. M.C. Ricklefs. Mengislamkan Jawa: Sejarah inthe Al-Azhar Mosque to welcome the Masjumi, the government forbade
Islamisasi di Jawa dan Penentangnya dari 1930 the establishment of the new political Party (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, PDI).
sampai Sekarang. Transl. F.X. Dono Sunardi et al. 50. Crouch. “Islam and Politics in Indonesia,”...,
Jakarta: Serambi, 2012, p.195-196. p.15. party. Approval was only given after the 51. Syamsuddin. Islam dan Politik ..., p.51.

384 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 385