Page 84 - The national curriculum in England - Framework document
P. 84

English


             Term                 Guidance                               Example

                                  Some examples of cohesive devices      Joe was given a bike for
                                  are:                                   Christmas. He liked it very much.
                                    determiners and pronouns, which     [the pronouns refer back to Joe
                                      can refer back to earlier words    and the bike]
                                    conjunctions and adverbs, which     We’ll be going shopping before we
                                      can make relations between         go to the park. [conjunction; makes
                                      words clear                        a relationship of time clear]
                                    ellipsis of expected words.         I’m afraid we’re going to have to
                                                                         wait for the next train. Meanwhile,
                                                                         we could have a cup of tea.
                                                                         [adverb; refers back to the time of
                                                                         waiting]

                                                                         Where are you going? [   ] To
                                                                         school! [ellipsis of the expected
                                                                         words I’m going; links the answer
                                                                         back to the question]

             complement           A verb’s subject complement adds       She is our teacher. [adds more
                                  more information about its subject,    information about the subject, she]
                                  and its object complement does the     They seem very competent. [adds
                                  same for its object.
                                                                         more information about the subject,
                                  Unlike the verb’s object, its          they]
                                  complement may be an adjective.        Learning makes me happy. [adds
                                  The verb be normally has a             more information about the object,
                                  complement.
                                                                         me]

             compound,            A compound word contains at least      blackbird, blow-dry, bookshop, ice-
             compounding          two root words in its morphology;      cream, English teacher, inkjet, one-
                                  e.g. whiteboard, superman.             eyed, bone-dry, baby-sit,
                                  Compounding is very important in       daydream, outgrow
                                  English.

             conjunction          A conjunction links two words or       James bought a bat and ball. [links
                                  phrases together.                      the words bat and ball as an equal
                                                                         pair]
                                  There are two main types of
                                  conjunctions:                          Kylie is young but she can kick the

                                    co-ordinating conjunctions (e.g.    ball hard. [links two clauses as an
                                      and) link two words or phrases     equal pair]
                                      together as an equal pair          Everyone watches when Kyle does
                                    subordinating conjunctions (e.g.    back-flips. [introduces a
                                      when) introduce a subordinate      subordinate clause]
                                      clause.
                                                                         Joe can’t practise kicking because
                                                                         he’s injured. [introduces a
                                                                         subordinate clause]




                                                                                                           83
   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   86   87   88   89