Page 8 - PR 2014 2016 08 Environmental Science and Technology

224 Environmental Science and Technology | Progress Report

in parts of the municipalities of Cotia, Embu, elements Cu, Cr, Zn showed values above the
Itapecerica da Serra, Juquitiba, São Lourenço da TEL and PEL. The results indicated significant
Serra and São Paulo and in the Embu Guaçu’s environmental impacts from urban invasion
total area. This reservoir has significant degra- and sewage waste, all of which seriously affect
dation in the quality of water due to domestic water quality and, consequently, the sediment
and industrial wastewater contribution, which quality.
affects the cost of treatment and makes it
difficult to access drinking water. The study Distribution of Nitrogen Species in the
presents the results of 26 metals, 7 anions, Guarapiranga Dam, São Paulo – SP
limnology parameters: pH, conductivity,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, water clarity, Guarapiranga Dam is responsible for about 20
obtained from samples collections between % of the water supply of the Metropolitan Re-
the years 2011-2013, These are water samples gion of São Paulo (RMSP). This reservoir started
on the surface, middle and bottom on 14 points to be used as public supply source to the city
and bottom sediment in these same points of São Paulo in 1928, however, since the 60s,
being evaluated 26 metals. The sediment there has been an irregular and disordered
results were compared with TEL (Threshold occupation around its region. As a result, the
Effect Level) and PEL (Probable Effect Level) reservoir has significantly been altered due to
values, water results were compared with the multiple environmental impacts caused
the established limits by the resolution of by anthropic activities. These hydrodynamic
CONAMA 357/2005. Limnological parameters, changes in the water body are involved in the
conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen were eutrophication processes, in other words, in
outside the framework of CONAMA’s resolu- the distribution of nutrients in the resource, as
tion. All Ionic species responded to established presented by several studies. Eutrophication is
by CONAMA, however it is noted an increase a natural process that ocurrs in water bodies,
in concentrations between samples collected. nevertheless, when associated with anthropic
Nitrogen series as well as Fe:P ratio showed activities, it produces changes in aquatic eco-
important contribution of control parameters systems, increasing nutrients amount, mainly
of the organic load in reservoir. Of the 26 ele- nitrogen and phosphorus, and through contri-
ments analyzed, only Al, Cu, Mn concentrations butions from wastewater, it may interfere in
were observed outside of the CONAMA’s resolu- the water quality and use. As nitrogen is an
tion . In the sediments analyzed, the chemical important nutrient and ammoniacal species

Figure 4 (a,b) - Nutrient and ammoniacal species distribution at Guarapiranga Dam.

Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares