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42                   / Deterrent factor



                              T      he successful use of military equipment   of tests that took place under various climatic

                                                                       conditions. On September 25, 2018, at the
                                     in battle depends not only on its
                                     tactical and technical characteristics,
                                                                       Kapustin Yar firing range, the „Adjutant“ VTTS
                                     but also on the level of mastery with
                              which it is handled.  Such mastery may solely be   prototype  provided a target environment for
                                                                       the newest Russian long-range air and missile
                              achieved by way of constant training. Therefore,   defence system S-300V4. A missile-type air
                              the Izhevsk Electromechanical Plant „Kupol“   target outfitted with a turbojet of the 9F6021
                              (part of the „Almaz –Antey“ Air and Space   system imitated a small-size single air target
                              Defence Corporation), the leading manufacturer   flying at low altitude. The past tests confirmed
                              of the „Tor“ family air defence systems, never   both the declared characteristics of the S-300V4
                              forgoes creating modern technical means for   air defence system and the capabilities of the
                              drilling and training anti-air gunner crews   „Adjutant“ VTTS for creation of a complex target
                              whilst still making great efforts to improve its   environment for long-range air defence systems.
                              air defence systems.
                                                                       During the tests of the Tor-M2DT air defence
                              For these purposes, the plant created the   system in the summer of 2019 on Novaya
                              versatile training target system 9F6021   Zemlya, the target environment was also
                              „Adjutant“. The system was developed on the   provided by the 9F6021 system. With the help
                              initiative of JSC «IEMP „Kupol“» in conjunction   of a stock remote workstation of the „Adjutant“
                              with JSC «„Almaz –Antey“ Air and Space   VTTS, stable control was provided at all stages of
                              Defence Corporation» and in close cooperation   the flight of two aircraft type MV-S targets flying
                              with specialists from the Ministry of Defence   along the developed and approved trajectories.
                              of Russia. It allows anti-aircraft gunners  to   Impeccable completion of all training and
                              get acquainted with a wide variety of targets   combat missions exhibited the readiness of the
                              of different types, as well as with modern and   „Adjutant“ equipment and targets for operation
                              promising means of aerial attack in training   in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. The
                              mode. The „Adjutant“ is able to create a complex   readiness of the Arctic «Tor» for the defence of
                              target environment via a combination of various   administrative and military installations against
                              simulators of modern aerial attack systems   modern means of aerial attack in this remote
                              for use with a wide range of available and   Russian region was confirmed as well.
                              promising air defence systems.
                                                                       In August 2019, the „Adjutant“ VTTS ensured
                              The declared characteristics of the „Adjutant“   the provision of a target environment during
                              VTTS have already been confirmed in a series   the operational-tactical exercises of the Air


            The „Adjutant“ VTTS is intended for training air defence crews of the entire
            spectrum of existing anti-air systems, from long-range AD systems to portable
            artillery systems. A distinctive feature of the system is its ability to simulate a
            variety of difficult to predict flight paths. Up to 6 targets of four types can be

            used simultaneously: rocket-type with a turbojet engine, aircraft-type type with
            a turbojet engine, aircraft-type type with a propeller engine and of helicopter
            type. The targets are created on the basis of unmanned aerial vehicles with a
            low RCS. In operation, they simulate a wide range of means of aerial attack:

            from high-speed small-sized maneuvering targets, to helicopters hovering at low
            altitude or utilising the „hop“ maneuver. Targets can be controlled  automatically,
            and in manual mode.This leads to a realistic portrayal of an aerial battle, when
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