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A32    FEATURE
                   Friday 6 OctOber 2017
             Are white shooters called ‘lone wolves,’ by default?



            By ERRIN HAINES WHACK                                                                  former  President  Barack    ville,  Virginia,  after  a  pro-
             Associated Press                                                                      Obama for not immediate-     test against the removal of
            When Stephen Craig Pad-                                                                ly referring to shooter Omar   a  statue  of  Confederate
            dock  -  a  white  American                                                            Mateen’s  acts  as  “radical   Gen. Robert E. Lee turned
            - was identified as the gun-                                                           Islamic terrorism.”          violent and a driver fatally
            man who rained bullets on                                                              Though  Mateen  professed    struck an anti-protester. In-
            multitudes  at  a  Las  Vegas                                                          support  for  the  Islamic   stead,  the  president  said
            concert,  he  was  quickly                                                             State  group,  his  specific   “many sides” were respon-
            characterized  as  a  “lone                                                            motives - and the contribu-  sible.
            wolf.”                                                                                 tion of any personality dis-  Wes  Bellamy,  vice-mayor
            Had  he  been  of  another                                                             order  he  might  have  had   of  Charlottesville,  said  the
            race  or  ethnicity,  would                                                            -  have  never  been  deter-  tone  has  been  undoubt-
            he  have  been  branded  a                                                             mined.                       edly  different  on  Las  Ve-
            terrorist  instead,  or  would                                                         Obama  was  unsparing  in    gas.  The  solution  for  the
            aspersions have been cast                                                              describing  the  killings  of   double  standard,  he  said,
            on his minority group?                                                                 nine worshippers in a black   is more honesty.
            The  question  has  been                                                               church in Charleston, South   “What transpired in Las Ve-
            raised again and again in    This undated photo provided by Eric Paddock shows his brother,   Carolina, in 2015 by Dylann   gas  and  what  happened
            recent days, as critics sug-  Las Vegas gunman Stephen Paddock.       Associated Press  Roof  as  “an  act  of  terror”   in  Charlottesville  was  do-
            gested  the  conversation                                                              and “an act of hate.”        mestic  terrorism,”  said  Bel-
            around  our  nation’s  trag-  workplace  violence  -  No-  wrong?” he said. “Then all   Trump was criticized in Au-  lamy. “It has no color. We
            edies is often framed in di-  len  was  embittered  by  his  you  have  done  is  maybe   gust  for  declining  to  more   have to address it and call
            visive,  racial  code  words.   suspension from his work at  assuaged people’s anxiety   strongly  condemn  white   it what it is, no matter who
            If whites are blamed, they   a Oklahoma food process-     for the moment.”             supremacists in Charlottes-  does it.”q
            say,  it  is  as  individuals;  for   ing plant.          Authorities  have  not  yet
            minorities,  it  is  suggested   The  lone  wolf  label  has  determined a motive in the
            that their crimes are part of   been  frequently  ascribed  Las  Vegas  shootings,  the
            a larger narrative.          to  mass  killers,  like  Aurora,  deadliest  in  modern  U.S.
            “For whites, it’s ‘just some-  Colorado,  movie  theater  history, which left 58 victims
            thing  that  happened,’”     shooter  James  Holmes,  a  dead  and  more  than  500
            said Texas Southern Univer-  white  man  who  killed  12  injured after a country mu-
            sity professor Sharlette Kel-  people  in  2012.  The  term  sic festival on Sunday.
            lum-Gilbert.  “When  it’s  of   is  a  convenient  one  for  a  President  Donald  Trump
            another  race,  ‘this  is  how   society  eager  to  ease  its  condemned  the  shootings
            they  are,’  and  there  are   anxiety after such a horrific  Monday as “an act of pure
            calls for law and order.”    event,  said  Mark  Hamm,  evil,”  but  stopped  short
            Shaun King raised the same   a  professor  of  criminology  of  declaring  the  incident
            point Tuesday in a column    at  Indiana  State  Univer-  domestic    terrorism.   On
            for  The  Intercept  entitled   sity and author of “Age of  Tuesday,  Trump  referred
            “The White Privilege of the   Lone Wolf Terrorism.”       to  Paddock  as  “sick”  and
            ‘Lone Wolf’ Shooter.”        “It’s  easy  to  leap  to  that  “demented”  -  suggesting
            “White  men  who  resort  to   metaphor,”  Hamm  said.  that  mental  health  prob-    In this Monday, April 10, 2017, file photo, Dylann Roof enters the
            mass  violence  are  consis-  “Terrorism is such a loaded  lems were a possible expla-  court room at the Charleston County Judicial Center to enter his
            tently  characterized  pri-  term.  There  is  an  ethnic  nation for the tragedy.     guilty plea on murder charges in Charleston, S.C.
            marily  as  isolated  ‘lone   piece to that.”             Trump  and  his  administra-                                          Associated Press
            wolves’  -  in  no  way  con-  Whether federal authorities  tion  have  been  criticized
            nected  to  one  another,”   or  leaders  decline  to  de-  as using racially tinged lan-
            King  wrote.  “For  centuries,   fine these acts, the public’s  guage.  Last year, amid the
            when  an  act  of  violence   definition is a broader one,  investigation into the Pulse
            has  been  committed  by     Hamm said.                   nightclub shooting in Orlan-
            an  African-American,  rac-  “What if the classification is  do, Florida, Trump criticized
            ist tropes follow - and even-
            tually,  the  criminalization
            and dehumanization of an
            entire ethnic group.”
            Last  year,  when  Micah
            Xavier Johnson shot at po-
            lice officers in Dallas, Texas,
            killing five and injuring nine
            others,  Black  Lives  Matter
            was  blamed  -  though  he
            had  no  known  link  to  the
            movement.
            In  2014,  when  Alton  No-
            len  was  arrested  in  the
            decapitation  of  one  co-
            worker  and  the  stabbing
            of  another,  some  were
            quick  to  blame  Alton  No-
            len’s  “radicalization”  as  a   In this July 23, 2012, file photo, James Holmes, who was convict-
                                         ed of killing 12 moviegoers and wounding 70 more in a shoot-
            recent  convert  to  Islam.   ing spree in a crowded theatre in 2012, sits in Arapahoe County
            They  could  have  catego-   District Court in Centennial, Colo.
            rized  the  crime  instead  as                                        Associated Press
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