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Meteorology
Example: METAR ekah 060850z auto 07018kt 020V120
In this example, the average wind over the past 10 minutes was from 070
degrees with a speed of 18 Kt.
The wind direction varied between 020 and 120 degrees.
3.4.8.2 Wind gusts and wind squalls
The wind can occur as:
- Wind gusts
- Wind squalls
Wind squalls are sudden increases in wind speed by 16 Kt or more, reaching 22
Kt or more, lasting at least 1 minute. This is reported as 270/07 max 23
Wind gusts are sudden increases in average wind speed by 10 Kt or more,
lasting less than 1 minute. This is reported as 270/07g17
In practice, we apply the highest value of either ¼ of the average wind or ½ of
the wind gusts.
For example, if the wind is 26012g26, ¼ of the average wind is 3 Kt, and half of
the gusts is (26-12)/2, which is 7 Kt.
This means that if you were to approach on a calm day with 50 Kt as approach
speed, you should increase the approach speed to 57 Kt in the windy conditions
with wind 26012g26!
3.4.8.3 Veering and backing
The wind can:
- Veer
- Back
The next page will show the difference between wind veering and backing.
Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 264
